Animals Chapter 4 Birds and Mammals
Birds Endotherms (warm-blooded) Egg-laying vertebrates 4 types -perching birds – sparrows, robins etc. -bird of prey- owls, hawks etc. -waterfowl – ducks, geese etc. -flightless- penguins, ostrich etc.
Feathers Adapted for flight Contour feathers – large, broad Down – small, used for insulation Not all birds fly
Which food goes with which bird?
A few feet good for perching good for swimming good for capturing prey
Respiration Air sacs - give constant oxygen (fuel) - give enough energy for flight lungs
Circulation Double-loop circulatory system keeps oxygenated blood separate from de-oxygenated blood
Bones Birds have “hollow” bone that makes them lightweight Have trusses inside bone for strength
Complex Behaviors Song - protects territory - mating - calling Migrate
Flight adaptations Feathers and wings Hollow bones Keel and strong flight muscles Large eyes Increased heart rate Increased respiration High body temperature
What to do next Do section review on page 94 questions 1-5 Do section review on page 97 of your text
Class Mammalia
Characteristics of all Mammals Hair Mammary Glands and a diaphragm Most Sweat Endothermic
Three Classes Based on how the animals reproduce Monotremes Marsupials Placental
Monotremes- Echidnas and duck billed platypus Egg laying – leathery eggs “furred reptiles” - Babies lick milk from mother’s fur
Marsupials Pouched Inside pouches are mammary glands Infants are born not fully developed and move to pouch to finish development Different age babies can live in pouch at the same time Live mostly in Australia, New Guinea, and South America Kangaroos, opossums, koalas, Tasmanian devils, wallabies
Placental Most mammals are placental Embryos stay inside mother until fully developed Babies are born like smaller adults Placenta are special attachments from embryo to uterus Placenta supplies food and oxygen Placenta also removes waste Gestation period is the time it takes for an embryo to develop Gestation ranges from a few weeks to almost 2 years depending on the species
Toothless Mammals Only anteaters are completely toothless. The rest have small teeth Catch insects with long, sticky tongues Anteaters, aardvarks, armadillos, sloth
Insect Eating Also called insectivores Live everywhere except Australia and Antarctica Have very small brains Few specialized teeth thin long pointed nose
Rodents More than 1/3 of all mammals are rodents Found everywhere except Antarctica Most are small Have long, sensitive whiskers All rodents have sharp front teeth for gnawing
Lagomorphs (rabbits) Have sharp gnawing teeth Have two sets of incisors in their upper jaws Have short tails Sensitive noses, large ears, and eyes to detect predators
Flying Mammals Bats are the only mammals that can fly Use echolocation to find prey Nocternal Flying squirrels ARE NOT part of this group!
Carnivores Meat eaters Large canine teeth Can be found in both land and water Includes lions and seals
Hoofed Mammals Adapted for quick running Large flat molars for grinding, Herbivores Also known as Ungulates Two groups based on number of toes
Odd Toed Order Perissodactyls One or three toes Horses, tapirs, rhinos Tapirs have four toes on front but three on back
Even Toed Order Artiodactyla Two or four toes Foot has greater flexibility than Odd Toed Pigs, camels, cows, giraffes, hippos
Trunked-Nosed Elephants are the only ones Very agile trunk to pick up small objects Three species – African Savanna, Asian, and African Forest African Forest elephant is a newly name species Herbivores Largest land mammal Two year gestation period Poached for ivory
Cetaceans Whales, dolphins, porpoise Use echolocation Have lungs; blowholes are modified nostrils Blubber Some have teeth, some do not
Sirenia Manatees Herbivores AKA sea cows Can live for over 70 years
Primates Binocular vision Opposable thumbs Color vision Flattened nails Specialized teeth for omnivore diet Small noses so vision is very important