The mark scheme- what does it mean? AO1: respond critically and imaginatively / select and evaluate relevant textual detail / illustrate and support interpretations. AO2: Explain how language and structure contribute to a writer's presentation of ideas, themes and settings. AO3: make comparisons and explain links between texts / evaluate the different ways in which writers express meaning and achieve effects.

A Portrait of a Deaf Man SUMMARY: Betjeman wrote On a Portrait of a Deaf Man in tribute to his late father. However, it is an unusual poem as it is very harsh and direct about the less talked-about aspects of death, such as being underground and the process of a body decaying. Betjeman was obviously fond of his father and describes how he used to dress, where and what he liked to eat and what the pair of them used to do together, such as going on long walks and spotting birds. The poet ends with anger towards God, expressing his lack of faith in him.

FORM- The poem is written using a strict rhyme scheme and equal stanzas, makes the narrators thoughts seem ordered and under controlled. Is he trying to keep his emotions under control? STRUCTURE- First 7 stanzas are first person narrative about his father. At the end he talks to God and he says that death has made him question his faith. He alternates between happy memories and horrible images of death. IMAGES OF DECAY- Use of horrible images, often vivid and shocking. SENSES- Senses are important in this poem. The Dad is defined as a deaf man in the title, but the narrator explains his father’s connection with the world through his other experiences. ATTITUDES AND FEELINGS- LOVE: The narrator remembers his Dad with affection, recalling happy memories. GRIEF: The poem is a tribute to the narrators father. Maybe writing this poem is his way of coming to terms with his death? BITTERNESS: In the final stanza, the narrator is bitter about the way his father has suffered, and shows he is angry with God

The kind old face, the egg-shaped head, The tie, discreetly loud, The loosely fitting shooting clothes, A closely fitting shroud. The opening stanza is unusual as it contains no verbs, merely descriptive phrases affectionate image, suggests his father was good-natured Oxymoron: shows a complex, quirky personality?

He liked old city dining rooms, Potatoes in their skin, But now his mouth is wide to let The London clay come in. Positive phrase that is repeated. Indicates a man who takes pleasure in life unsavoury image of his father now that he is dead and buried. Almost a horror-feel to the language

He took me on long silent walks In country lanes when young. He knew the names of ev'ry bird But not the song it sung. The third stanza is a nostalgic one where the poet remembers good times 'when young' refers to the father or to Betjeman himself fondly comments on the fact that his father could identify all the birds they saw by name, but being deaf he was unable to recognise their songs

And when he could not hear me speak He smiled and looked so wise That now I do not like to think Of maggots in his eyes. A touching description that shows the poet's respect and affection for his father. Third reference to his deafness

He liked the rain-washed Cornish air And smell of ploughed-up soil, He liked a landscape big and bare And painted it in oil. evokes pleasant memories of his father repetition Alliteration to emphasise the image. The man appreciated the smell of 'ploughed-up soil', a contrast to the unpleasant reference to the clay that might now fill the dead man's mouth.

But least of all he liked that place Which hangs on Highgate Hill Of soaked Carrara-covered earth For Londoners to fill. cemetery Could not be more different from the Cornish soil of the previous stanza. Carrara refers to the marble used for tombstones and statues in the cemetery Crowded cemetery contrasts with the 'big and bare' countryside of the fifth stanza that his father liked

He would have liked to say goodbye, Shake hands with many friends, In Highgate now his finger-bones Stick through his finger-ends. He may have died suddenly a morbid image He uses enjambment here to extend the image from the third line through to the fourth

You, God, who treat him thus and thus, Say "Save his soul and pray." You ask me to believe You and I only see decay. quite shocking with its direct second- person address, which is a definite accusation The forceful use of the second person features again in the third line of the stanza. Capital letter indicates a reference to God

FORM- The poem is written using a strict rhyme scheme and equal stanzas, makes the narrators thoughts seem ordered and under controlled. Is he trying to keep his emotions under control? STRUCTURE- First 7 stanzas are first person narrative about his father. At the end he talks to God and he says that death has made him question his faith. He alternates between happy memories and horrible images of death. IMAGES OF DECAY- Use of horrible images, often vivid and shocking. SENSES- Senses are important in this poem. The Dad is defined as a deaf man in the title, but the narrator explains his father’s connection with the world through his other experiences. ATTITUDES AND FEELINGS- LOVE: The narrator remembers his Dad with affection, recalling happy memories. GRIEF: The poem is a tribute to the narrators father. Maybe writing this poem is his way of coming to terms with his death? BITTERNESS: In the final stanza, the narrator is bitter about the way his father has suffered, and shows he is angry with God