LEHNINGER PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY

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LEHNINGER PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY David L. Nelson and Michael M. Cox LEHNINGER PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY Sixth Edition CHAPTER 12 Biosignaling © 2013 W. H. Freeman and Company

Five features of signal transducing systems

Six general types of signal transducers

The β-adrenergic receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor

Adenylyl cyclase produces cyclic AMP (cAMP) from ATP cAMP is a potent second messenger in epinephrine signaling

The GTPase switch Regulation of epinephrine signaling

Activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)

Epinephrine cascade

Desensitization of the β-adrenergic receptor in the continued presence of epinephrine

Hormone-activated phospholipase C (PKC) and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)

Calmodulin often mediates the effects of calcium

Insulin signaling The insulin receptor is a tyrosine kinase

The electrogenic Na+K+ ATPase produces a transmembrane electrical potential of about -60 mV (negative inside the cell)

Free energy change for charged molecule DG = RT ln ( Cin / Cout) + FVm Z=valence, F=96,500 J/V*mol, Vm=TM electrical potential (volts)

Role of voltage-gated and ligand-gated ion channels in neural transmission

The acetylcholine receptor ion channel

Steroid hormones

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