Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 215 “Early Homo” -- The First Humans.

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Presentation transcript:

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 215 “Early Homo” -- The First Humans

Neandertals and Other Archaics “Early” Homo and “Archaic” Homo? What’s the difference between

Neandertals and Other Archaics “Early” Homo = Homo habilis 2.4 mya What’s the difference between

Neandertals and Other Archaics “Archaic” Homo = Neandertals and others ca. 300,000 ybp What’s the difference between

Neandertals and Other Archaics “Archaic” Homo = “Premodern Human” ca. 300,000 ybp What’s the difference between

Neandertals and Other Archaics “Early” Homo = Homo habilis 2.4 mya What’s the difference between

Source: Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 33

“Early Homo” 1.Homo rudolfensis... (e.g., KNM ER 1470) 2.Homo habilis... Some people think there are two species:

Early Homo “We agree that more than one species is probably represented, but for simplicity suggest referring to all the [Plio- pleistocene human] specimens as ‘early Homo.’” “The species names Homo habilis and Homo rudolfensis are the ones most commonly used for designating two different species of early Homo.” Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8 th ed., p. 252 (cf., pp , 9 th ed.:

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 268

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 215

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., Fig

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., Fig

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., Fig

Early Homo “We agree that more than one species is probably represented, but for simplicity suggest referring to all the [Plio- pleistocene human] specimens as ‘early Homo.’” “The species names Homo habilis and Homo rudolfensis are the ones most commonly used for designating two different species of early Homo.” Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8 th ed., p. 252 (cf., pp , 9 th ed.:

Australopithecines - Homo Genus Australopithecus Paranthropus Homo Species ramidus afarensis africanus aethiopicus boisei robustus habilis ( “early” ) rudolfensis ( “early” ) erectus sapiens

Traits 1. Are the first humans (Homo)... “Early Homo”

Traits 1. Are the first humans (Homo)... “Early Homo” 2. Are (sometimes called) Plio-Pleistocene hominids...

Traits 1. Are the first humans (Homo)... “Early Homo” 2. Are (sometimes called) Plio-Pleistocene hominids Are the earliest lithic tool makers...

Traits 1. Are the first humans (Homo)... “Early Homo” 2. Are (sometimes called) Plio-Pleistocene hominids Are the earliest lithic tool makers Had big brains

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 234 Cranial Capacity

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 269

Time 23 July 2001

Smithsonian Institution

Traits 1. Are the first humans (Homo)... “Early Homo” 2. Are (sometimes called) Plio-Pleistocene hominids Are the earliest lithic tool makers Had big brains

Glossary Homo rudolfensis... Homo habilis... “Early Homo” =

Glossary Homo rudolfensis... Homo habilis... “Early Homo” = (e.g., KNM ER 1470)

Time 23 July 2001

Major Species one of two species of “Early Homo” inhabited South and East Africa –2.4 – 1.6 mya Homo rudolfensis – (KNM ER 1470)

Glossary Homo rudolfensis... Homo habilis... “Early Homo” =

Major Species one of two species of “Early Homo” inhabited South and East Africa –2.0 – 1.6 mya Homo habilis – (Olduvai, Koobi Fora...)

Selected Major Discoveries / Events, ca Present Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania 700 cc brain tool manufacture mya Homo habilis – (Olduvai, Koobi Fora...)

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed. p 185

Selected Major Discoveries / Events, ca Present "1470" (and "1590") Lake Turkana, East Africa Homo habilis 2 mya e.g., 1972

Time 23 July 2001

Glossary Homo rudolfensis, and Homo habilis... “Early Homo”

Traits 1. Are the first humans (Homo)... “Early Homo” 2. Are (sometimes called) Plio-Pleistocene hominids...

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 103

Epochs: Tertiary / Quaternary

Glossary Homo rudolfensis, and Homo habilis... “Early Homo”

Traits 1. Are the first humans (Homo)... “Early Homo” 2. Are (sometimes called) Plio-Pleistocene hominids Are the earliest lithic tool makers Had big brains

Glossary Homo rudolfensis, and Homo habilis... “Early Homo”

Traits 1. Are the first humans (Homo)... “Early Homo” 2. Are (sometimes called) Plio-Pleistocene hominids Are the earliest lithic tool makers Had big brains

Major Trends: Brain Development 1.size... 2.the ratio of brain weight to overall body weight... 3.complexity... Brains develop in

Major Trends: Brain Development 1.size... Brains develop in

Source: Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 230

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 269

Major Trends: Brain Development 1.size... 2.the ratio of brain weight to overall body weight... Brains develop in

Source: Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 386

Major Trends: Brain Development 1.size... 2.the ratio of brain weight to overall body weight... 3.complexity... Brains develop in

Major Trends: Brain Development increases in area the cerebral cortex (neocortex)

Introduction to Physical Anthropology, 8th ed., Fig. 7-3

“Early Humans” Interpretations

Time 23 July 2001

Smithsonian Institution

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., Fig

Humankind Emerging, 7th edition, p. 259

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 268

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., Fig

Time 23 July 2001

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 268

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., Fig

“Early Homo” Interpretations __________________ And, usually, early Homo are men, heading East...

Time 23 July 2001

Source: Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 33

“Early Homo” Next: Homo erectus...

Australopithecines - Homo Genus Australopithecus Paranthropus Homo Species ramidus afarensis africanus aethiopicus boisei robustus rudolfensis ( “early” ) habilis ( “early” ) erectus sapiens

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 268

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., Fig

“Early Homo” And after Homo erectus: Homo sapiens...

Australopithecines - Homo Genus Australopithecus Paranthropus Homo Species ramidus afarensis africanus aethiopicus boisei robustus rudolfensis ( “early” ) habilis ( “early” ) erectus sapiens

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 268

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., Fig

“Early Homo” Caution! Note that...

Neandertals and Other Archaics “ Archaic” Homo sapiens “Early” Homo is not the same as

Neandertals and Other Archaics Homo habilis Homo rudolfensis “Early” Homo

Time 23 July 2001

Neandertals and Other Archaics are members of the species Homo sapiens (including Neandertals) preceded “anatomically modern Homo sapiens” (Qafzeh and Cro-Magnon) are different from Homo erectus... but lack the full set of characteristics diagnostic of modern Homo sapiens... “Archaic” Homo sapiens

Time 23 July 2001

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 268

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., Fig

Neandertals and Other Archaics post - Erectus humans in –Africa –Asia (India and China) –Europe “Archaic” Homo sapiens

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., pp

Turnbaugh, Jurmain, Kilgore, and Nelson, 8th ed., pp

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 253

Turnbaugh, Jurmain, Kilgore, and Nelson, 8th ed., p. 293

Neandertals and Other Archaics 400,000 - ca. 130,000 y.b.p. “Archaic” Homo sapiens

Time 23 July 2001

Neandertals and Other Archaics Swanscombe Steinheim Fontechevade Atapuerca Arago Vértesszöllös Broken Hill (Kabwe) and others Neandertal, BUT... “Archaic” Homo sapiens include

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 252

Neandertals and Other Archaics Neandertals are a special case of “Archaic” Homo sapiens More on that latter

Homo erectus.... Next:

The End