States of Matter Not to be confused with States that Matter….Like Florida for example

What is Matter Matter has many definitions, but the most common is that it is any substance which has mass and occupies space. Matter is any substance which has mass and occupies space.

Matter What are substances made of…? Atoms –Comes from the Greek word ‘atomos’ meaning indivisible –The smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.

Matter Groups of atoms form molecules. –The simplest unit of a chemical substance. A group of two or more atoms

Matter An atom consists of a negatively charged electron(e-) cloud that surrounds a dense nucleus. The nucleus contains positively charged protons(P+) and electrically neutral neutrons. (N)

An Atom

Matter The Kinetic Theory –Atoms are always in motion. –The amount of motion dictates matters state

The Three States of Matter Solid –Particles are fixed in position but still vibrate –A solid is poorly compressed and changes volume only slightly. –Particles can not move past each other.

The Three States of Matter Liquid –Particles will flow and take the shape of any container. –A liquid is poorly compressed and changes volume only slightly. –Particles are free to move around each other.

The Three States of Matter Gas –Particles will flow and take the shape of any container. –Volume of a gas is dependent of the size of the contained and is easily compressed. –Particles are free to move around each other.

The Kinetic Theory ……more proof Diffusion –The movement of particles form high concentration to low concentration.

More Kinetic Theory Kinetic energy -the energy of motion Heating a solid causes its particles to vibrate faster, thus kinetic energy increases. As kinetic energy increases, particles break away from each other and move more freely. Eventually if the particles of a solid have enough kinetic energy, the solid melts.

More Kinetic Theory If you continue to heat, kinetic energy increases even more and the particles move away from each other and the substance turns to gas.

More Kinetic Theory SolidLiquidGas Kinetic Energy

Cheaters Sublimation – Changing directly from solid to gas.

More Kinetic Theory Solid Liquid Gas The Temperature does not change during:

Energy required to change phase for water. 0 o C 100 o C These can go on forever

Energy required to change phase for water. This requires 0.50 cal/g-degC This requires 80.0 cal/g This requires 1.00 cal/g-degC This requires cal/g This requires 0.48 cal/g-degC