Ecology & Environmental Problems Dr. Ron Chesser Lecture #5 Matter & Energy

LOG SCALE SHOWS EXPONENTIAL GROWTH OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION Its all about ENERGY

Energy & Matter

ATOM atom [Gr.,=uncuttable (indivisible)], basic unit of matter; more properly, the smallest unit of a chemical element having the properties of that element.atom [Gr.,=uncuttable (indivisible)], basic unit of matter; more properly, the smallest unit of a chemical element having the properties of that element.matterelementmatterelement

Structure of an Atom The atom consists of a central, positively charged core, the nucleus, and negatively charged particles called electrons that are found in orbits around the nucleus.The atom consists of a central, positively charged core, the nucleus, and negatively charged particles called electrons that are found in orbits around the nucleus.nucleuselectronsnucleuselectrons Almost the entire mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus, which occupies only a tiny fraction of the atom's volume. The nucleus of an atom consists of neutrons and protons, the neutron being an uncharged particle proton a positively charged one. Their masses are almost equal. Atoms containing the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons represent different forms, or isotopes, of the same element.Almost the entire mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus, which occupies only a tiny fraction of the atom's volume. The nucleus of an atom consists of neutrons and protons, the neutron being an uncharged particle proton a positively charged one. Their masses are almost equal. Atoms containing the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons represent different forms, or isotopes, of the same element.neutronisotopesneutronisotopes

Structure of the Atom Proton (+ charge) Neutron (0 charge) Electron (- charge) Electron shells Nucleus Atomic Number = Number of protons Atomic Weight = #protons + #neutrons

Ions & Isotopes same Atomic Number H + : a positively charged hydrogen ion H : the hydrogen atomH - : a negatively charged hydrogen ion Hydrogen Atomic Mass = 1 Atomic Number = 1 Deuterium Atomic Mass = 2 Atomic Number = 1

Electron Shells Lithium has two electron shells

Matter matter, anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is sometimes called koinomatter (Gr. koinos=common) to distinguish it from antimatter, or matter composed of antiparticles.matter, anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is sometimes called koinomatter (Gr. koinos=common) to distinguish it from antimatter, or matter composed of antiparticles.massantiparticlesmassantiparticles

Matter The modern theory of matter dates from the work of John Dalton at the beginning of the 19th cent. The atom is considered the basic unit of any element, and atoms may combine chemically to form molecules, the molecule being the smallest unit of any substance that possesses the properties of that substance. An element in modern theory is any substance all of whose atoms are the same (i.e., have the same atomic number), while a compound is composed of different types of atoms together in molecules.The modern theory of matter dates from the work of John Dalton at the beginning of the 19th cent. The atom is considered the basic unit of any element, and atoms may combine chemically to form molecules, the molecule being the smallest unit of any substance that possesses the properties of that substance. An element in modern theory is any substance all of whose atoms are the same (i.e., have the same atomic number), while a compound is composed of different types of atoms together in molecules.atommoleculeelementatomic numberatommoleculeelementatomic number

The National Academy of Engineering’s announcement of the top 20 engineering achievements of the 20th century. –1. Electrification –2. Automobile –3. Airplane –4. Water Supply and Distribution –5. Electronics –6. Radio and Television –7. Agricultural Mechanization –8. Computers –9. Telephone –10. Air Conditioning Refrigeration –11. Highways –12. Spacecraft –13. Internet –14. Imaging –15. Household Appliances –16. Health Technologies –17. Petroleum and Petrochemical Technologies –18. Laser and Fiber Optics –19. Nuclear Technologies –20. High-performance Materials

Take out a single sheet of paper

George Hudson What are the steps of the Scientific Method? 2.The human population is currently approximately _____________? 3.The theoretical number of individuals that can be supported in an ecosystem is the ___________? 4.Science is the study of _______? February 3, 2004 Write the answers to the following: