DNA to Protein Chapter 10. A Problem to Think About… DNA is in the nucleus The ribosome (protein factory) is in the cytoplasm How do you get the DNA information.

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Presentation transcript:

DNA to Protein Chapter 10

A Problem to Think About… DNA is in the nucleus The ribosome (protein factory) is in the cytoplasm How do you get the DNA information to the ribosome?

The Process Figure 1 from textbook

Types of RNA involved mRNA- “messenger RNA”- takes message of DNA out of nucleus to ribosome rRNA- “ribosomal RNA”. This is what ribosomes are made of tRNA- “transfer RNA”. Pairs with mRNA and transfers the amino acids over to build a protein

Transcription- DNA to mRNA A “scribe” writes down information for someone else mRNA = “messenger” RNA The mRNA “writes down” the DNA information and carries its “message” to the ribosomes mRNA has Uracil instead of Thymine

Translation: mRNA to protein mRNA is “read” by the ribosomes in codons (3 bases) at a time tRNA pairs with mRNA codons and amino acid group is transferred and attached to the one before it. This builds a protein. Use your codon chart to see what mRNA codon “codes” for what amino acid. Protein chain continues to lengthen until a “STOP” codon is reached.

Practice- #1 DNA (original): A T C T A C A C T G A G mRNA: U A G A U G U G A C U C tRNA: A U C U A C A C U G A G Amino Acids: Isoleucine Tyrosine Threonine Glutamic Pg. 211

Practice- #2 DNA (original): G T A G C T G G A A G T mRNA: C A U C G A C C U U C A tRNA: G U A G C U G G A A G U Amino Acids: Histidine Arginine Proline Serine Pg. 211

Practice- #3 DNA (original): A A G A C C A C G A C T mRNA: U U C U G G U G C U G A tRNA: A A G A C C A C G A C U Amino Acids: Phenylalanine Tryptophan Cysteine Stop Pg. 211

Things to think About & Discuss 1.What if a mutation occurs in the DNA? Explain how could that affect the organism’s protein? 2.What if a mutation occurs in 3 rd base of the codon? Will it always code for a different amino acid? Explain.

Which is Worse? 1.Explain which is worse- a mutation in the DNA or a mutation in the mRNA? 2.Explain which is worse- a point mutation or a frameshift mutation- and why?