Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. Protein Synthesis Recombinant DNA Technology.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Transcription and Translation

Advertisements

1. Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane 2. Many Cell Processes are based on Proteins… Like Hormones (signals) Enzymes (speed up reactions)

From DNA to Protein Section 11.2 Pg

Protein Synthesis What is transcription? What is translation?

 Type of RNA that functions as an interpreter in translation  Each tRNA molecule has a specific anticodon and a site of attachment for an amino acid.

From gene to protein. DNA:nucleotides are the monomers Proteins: amino acids are the monomers DNA:in the nucleus Proteins:synthesized in cytoplasm.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.

DNA Replication.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS In this experiment we modeled the structure of DNA and the processes involved in protein synthesis.

Gene Action Protein Synthesis.

Gene to Protein Part 2: Translation After the mRNA transcript leaves the nucleus it goes to a ribosome (site of protein synthesis).

Transcription Transcription is the synthesis of mRNA from a section of DNA. Transcription of a gene starts from a region of DNA known as the promoter.

Protein Synthesis Mrs Griffiths AS Biology. Protein synthesis pg DNA unwinds 2. mRNA copy is made of one of the DNA strands. 3. mRNA copy moves.

Protein Synthesis. Review! What are some functions of proteins? What are some functions of proteins? Enzymes, which speed up chemical reactions Enzymes,

Protein Synthesis. The DNA Code It is a universal code. The order of bases along the DNA strand codes for the order in which amino acids are chemically.

RNA and protein synthesis. RNA Single strand of nucleotides Sugar is ribose Uracil instead of thymine.

CFE Higher Biology DNA and the Genome Translation.

Transcription begins - Cell gets message that a protein needs to be made & a portion of DNA unwinds exposing the gene that needs to be copied.

Central Dogma DNA  RNA  Protein. …..Which leads to  Traits.

Protein Synthesis The majority of genes are expressed as the proteins they encode. The process occurs in 2 steps: 1. Transcription (DNA---> RNA) 2. Translation.

Transcription and Translation.  Genes: are segments of DNA that code for proteins  Most nucleotide base sequences in DNA don’t code for anything  ATGCGAATCGTAGCATACGATGCATGCACGTG.

Protein Synthesis Process that makes proteins

12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis The process of putting together amino acids to form proteins in the cell. The process of putting together amino acids to form proteins.

1 PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. DNA and Genes 2 Genes & Proteins DNA contains genes, sequences of nucleotide bases These genes code for polypeptides (proteins)

Protein Synthesis. Steps: TRANSCRIPTION DNA unwinds, RNA is made from DNA DNA acts as a template for RNA.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS The formation of new proteins using the code carried on DNA.

DNA replication DNA makes a copy of itself BEFORE the cell divides Transcription RNA is made by base pairing with a DNA template Translation mRNA templates.

RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Chapter 10: DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis AS Biology. Protein synthesis pg DNA unwinds 2. mRNA copy is made of one of the DNA strands. 3. mRNA copy moves out of nucleus.

Protein Synthesis: Transcription & Translation.

Translation and Protein Synthesis Notes

Protein Synthesis. Review…  DNA:  Found in the nucleus  Double stranded  Contains the instructions for controlling the cell (including instructions.

Step 2 of protein synthesis: Translation “The players” 1.Transfer RNA (tRNA)  Folded into three-lobed shape (clover-like)  At one lobe, resides an anticodon.

RNA & Protein Synthesis Continued: Translation. Translation: mRNA Protein Translation is taking mRNA and making proteins Sequence of nucleotide bases.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS The formation of new proteins using the code carried on DNA.

 SOL Addressed: 2.b;3.b;4.a;5.g,h Protein Synthesis by Ranny Copenhaver.

12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Page 300. A. Introduction 1. Chromosomes are a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of.

Transcription & Translation. Objectives: Relate the concept of the gene to the sequences of nucleotides in DNA Sequence the steps involved in protein.

Protein Synthesis The Making of Proteins Using the Genetic Information Stored in DNA.

Protein Synthesis 12 Biology. Protein synthesis 1. DNA unwinds 2. mRNA copy is made of one of the DNA strands. 3. mRNA copy moves out of nucleus into.

Protein Synthesis Who am I? How was I formed? Where’s my mom? A molecular model of the YiiP zinc transporter protein with bound zinc ions (red spheres).

Chapter – 10 Part II Molecular Biology of the Gene - Genetic Transcription and Translation.

To explain the process of protein synthesis.

Protein Synthesis.

Protein Synthesis: Translation

Chp: 12 Transcription & Translation

Transcription & Translation.

Ch. 12 Protein Synthesis.

Transcription Steps to Transcribe DNA:

Protein Synthesis Translation

AS Biology Protein Synthesis Mrs Griffiths.

RNA - TRANSLATION.

Translation and Transcription

Unit 7: Molecular Genetics

GENE EXPRESSION / PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Protein Synthesis.

Higher Biology Unit 1: 1.3 Translation.

Translation AKA, Protein Synthesis Amino Acid Protein tRNA Nucleus

AS Biology Protein Synthesis Mrs Griffiths.

DNA & Gene Expression Transcription & Translation

Protein Synthesis.

Protein Synthesis.

Protein Synthesis AS Biology Visit

Protein Synthesis H Biology Visit

Protein Synthesis.

Protein Synthesis.

TRANSLATION and MUTATIONS

The Production of Proteins by DNA

Presentation transcript:

Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Protein Synthesis Recombinant DNA Technology

Protein synthesis 1. DNA unwinds 2. mRNA copy is made of one of the DNA strands. 3. mRNA copy moves out of nucleus into cytoplasm. 4. tRNA molecules are activated as their complementary amino acids are attached to them. 5. mRNA copy attaches to the small subunit of the ribosomes in cytoplasm. 6 of the bases in the mRNA are exposed in the ribosome. 6. A tRNA bonds complementarily with the mRNA via its anticodon. 7. A second tRNA bonds with the next three bases of the mRNA, the amino acid joins onto the amino acid of the first tRNA via a peptide bond. 8. The ribosome moves along. The first tRNA leaves the ribosome. 9. A third tRNA brings a third amino acid 10. Eventually a stop codon is reached on the mRNA. The newly synthesised polypeptide leaves the ribosome.

Overview

Summary

Transcription 1 (making a mRNA copy of DNA) The part of the DNA molecule (the gene) that the cell wants the information from to make a protein unwinds to expose the bases. Free mRNA nucleotides in the nucleus base pair with one strand of the unwound DNA molecule.

Transcription 2 The mRNA copy is made with the help of RNA polymerase. This enzyme joins up the mRNA nucleotides to make a mRNA strand. This mRNA strand is a complementary copy of the DNA (gene) The mRNA molecule leaves the nucleus via a nuclear pore into the cytoplasm

tRNA – pick up their specific amino acids from the cytoplasm

Translation - animation

mRNA attaches to small ribosomal subunit

Translation - outline

Translation. mRNA used to make polypeptide chain (protein)

1. First the mRNA attaches itself to a ribosome (to the small subunit). Six bases of the mRNA are exposed. A complementary tRNA molecule with its attached amino acid (methionine) base pairs via its anticodon UAC with the AUG on the mRNA in the first position P. Another tRNA base pairs with the other three mRNA bases in the ribosome at position A. The enzyme peptidyl transferase forms a peptide bond between the two amino acids. The first tRNA (without its amino acid) leaves the ribosome.

Translation 2 The ribosome moves along the mRNA to the next codon (three bases). The second tRNA molecule moves into position P. Another tRNA molecule pairs with the mRNA in position A bringing its amino acid. A growing polypeptide is formed in this way until a stop codon is reached.

End of Translation A stop codon on the mRNA is reached and this signals the ribosome to leave the mRNA. A newly synthesised protein is now complete!