Forms of Energy A Grear-Bigi Note-taking Lesson Ohio Indicator PS: Energy can be transformed or transferred but is never lost. PS: Energy can be transferred through a variety of ways.

 Radiant (Light)*  Thermal (Heat)  Acoustic (Sound)  Chemical  Mechanical (kinetic and Potential)  Nuclear  Solar (is included in radiant, nuclear, and thermal energy)

 Visible light is a small part of electromagnetic energy.  Measured by wavelength, units in Lumens.  Each color of light (ROY G BIV*) represents a different amount of energy in the electromagnetic spectrum. * Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet

Red has Long wavelength And low energy Violet has short wavelength and high energy

Visible light does one of three things when it hits an object. Light is either... Reflected (bounced) Refracted (bent), or Diffused (scattered)

Particles move based on the amount of energy. The greater the amount of energy the faster the particles move. The faster they move, the more heat they have.

Thermal energy is measured in degrees usually on the Fahrenheit or Celsius scales. These are also the type of units.

Example  High energy= fast particles=high temperature (running)  Low energy=slow particles=low temperatures (walking)

Sound energy is the energy of vibrating particles. When an object vibrates, the air surrounding vibrates which then makes your eardrum vibrate and you hear the sound.

Sound is measured in units called decibels. The higher the decibel the greater the sound energy. The greater the sound energy, the more hearing damage it can cause.

The energy that is held in the chemical bonds that hold a substance together. It is stored in fuels, foods, matches, candles, cells, etc. Usually measured by temperature or calories.

Is the energy associated with motion or the position of an object. It can occur as kinetic or potential energy.

The energy of motion is called kinetic energy. The faster an object moves, the more kinetic energy it has. The greater the mass of a moving object, the more kinetic energy it has. Kinetic energy depends on both mass and velocity and is measured in joules.

Potential Energy is stored energy. Stored chemically in fuel, the nucleus of atom, and in foods. Stored because of the work done on it: Stretching a rubber band. Winding a watch. Pulling back on a bow’s arrow. Lifting a brick high in the air.

Potential energy can also be stored because of an object’s position.  If an object is lifted higher, the greater the potential energy.  If more weight is added to an object, the greater the potential energy.

Roller coasters work because of the energy that is built into the system. Initially, the cars are pulled mechanically up the tallest hill, giving them a great deal of potential energy. From that point, the conversion between potential and kinetic energy powers the cars throughout the entire ride.

At the point of maximum potential energy, the car has minimum kinetic energy. Push here to advance slide when ready to move on.

As a basketball player throws the ball into the air, various energy conversions take place.

Ball slows down Ball speeds up

A type of potential energy where energy is stored in the nucleus of an atom and is released during a nuclear reaction.

There are two kinds of nuclear reactions: fission where a nucleus splits to release energy and fusion where nuclei fuse or join together and release energy. Fusion occurs on the sun and other stars.Measured as MeV (Million electron volts)

Solar energy  Energy comes from the sun  Used for heat, light  Most energy can be traced back to the sun  Nuclear, thermal, radiant energy all are present in the sun  Measured in: MeV, degrees, wavelength.

 Energy can be changed from one form to another. Changes in the form of energy are called energy conversions.

All forms of energy can be converted into other forms.  The sun’s energy through solar cells can be converted directly into electricity.  Green plants convert the sun’s energy (electromagnetic) into starches and sugars (chemical energy) through photosynthesis.

 In an electric motor, electromagnetic energy is converted to mechanical energy.  In a battery, chemical energy is converted into electromagnetic energy.  The mechanical energy of a waterfall is converted to electrical energy in a generator.

 In an automobile engine, fuel is burned to convert chemical energy into heat energy. The heat energy is then changed into mechanical energy.

Energy Conversions

 Energy cannot be created or destroyed  It can only be converted from one form to another.  If energy seems to disappear, then scientists look for it – leading to many important discoveries.