Your grade: in class and homework, experiment, 3 X exams... Final Plus up to 3 points for discussions

Exam 3 in-class Th 5/5 take-home will be due Th 4/28

Final exam is cumulative and optional no take-home for the final exam

Fig 46.1 Nerves allow us to perceive the environment while the brain integrates the incoming signals to determine an appropriate response. Response Responses can be release of hormones, change in cell activity, or muscle contraction

Muscles allow movement

An earthworm: without something to push against, muscles are not much use.

The skeleton, made of bones, gives support Fig 50.34

Bones (connective tissue) are alive

Connections between bones and muscles

Fig Muscles can only contract. Therefore, two muscles are needed for each range of motion.

2 nerve signals for every movement: excitatory and inhibitory Fig 50.32

What happens when you contract opposing muscles?

Plants respond to many environmental stimuli

Fig Plants respond to the direction of light

How do plants detect light direction? Fig 39.5

How do plants detect light direction? The response involves differential growth in the zone of elongation Fig 39.5

How do plants detect light direction? How would you test where the plant detects light? Fig 39.5

How do plants detect light direction? Fig 39.5

Plants respond to many environmental stimuli Can plants make decisions?

CB 36.2 Plants transport water, sugar, minerals, hormones, etc through the vascular system comprised of xylem and phloem

Water travels from ground out through stomata in leaves. CB 36.2

Stomata control entry of CO 2 and exit of H 2 O from plant leaves Stomata CB 36.14

CB Guard cells regulate the opening of stomata

The opening and closing of stomata are regulated by many environmental stimuli: light, temperature, sugar content, CO 2, water...

Fig Plants respond to touch... which one was touched?

touchednot touched Plants respond to touch Fig 39.25

Bad touch: Herbivory Fig 39.28

Bad touch: Herbivory systemin Fig 39.28

Bad touch: Herbivory systemin jasmonic acid Fig 39.28

Bad touch: Herbivory systemin jasmonic acid Protease Inhibitors Protease Inhibitors Protease Inhibitors Protease Inhibitors I’ve got indigestion! Fig 39.28

Bad touch: Herbivory systemin jasmonic acid Protease Inhibitors Protease Inhibitors Protease Inhibitors Protease Inhibitors Protease Inhibitors Protease Inhibitors I’ve got indigestion! Fig methyl jasmonate

Insect saliva can let plants know which insect is attacking Fig 39.28

Plants release several volatile chemicals to signal other organisms Fig 39.28

Wasp larvae emerging from caterpillar Fig

Plants release several volatile chemicals to signal other organisms Plant biology: Night moves of pregnant moths Clarence A. Ryan (29 March 2001) Nature 410,

De Moraes C. M., Mescher M. C., Tumlinson J. H. Nature 410, (2001) Plants release different volatiles depending on who and when they are being eaten. Moth type and time

Plants release several volatile chemicals to signal other organisms Plant biology: Night moves of pregnant moths Clarence A. Ryan (29 March 2001) Nature 410,

Your grade: in class and homework, experiment, 3 X exams... Final Plus up to 3 points for discussions