Development in Middle Childhood

Memory Strategies Rehearsal-repeating information to oneself over and over again Organization-grouping together related items Elaboration-creating a relationship between two or more items that are not members of the same category Guitar-clock Sink-eye foot -tent House-pipe Needle-fish

More on learning Reading strategies Whole language-natural language Basic skills approach-phonics Mathematics  At first multiplication is a repeated addition

IQ Tests Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test (2yr- adult) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children III (WISC-III) 6yrs to 16 yrs

Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences Learning styles of children

Chapter 10 Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Erik Erikson Industry vs Inferiority-sense of competence at useful tasks and skills Self esteem Better at reading messages from others 8-15 peers are important Learned helplessness-accrediting success to luck and not to personal ability student may quickly give up when task is too difficult

Emotions Pride and guilt occur at this time By age 8, children realize that they can experience more than one emotion at a time By age 10, children have a set of strategies to deal with emotions Soon they can put themselves in others “shoes”

Moral Development Justice-concern beliefs about how to divide resources fairly 5-6-fairness-equality 6-7-fairness-merit extra rewards 8-benevolence-special consideration

Peer Groups and Social Interactions Shared values and behaviors Children who participate in formal groups ( 4-H, boy scouts, church groups etc.) gain in moral and social understanding

Friendships Mutually agreed upon relationship; similar personal qualities Trust comes into play at this point

4 types of social acceptance Popular children Rejected children Controversial children Neglected children

Parenting and Family Siblings-help with companionship Parents may compare siblings which may increase sibling rivalry Oldest child –may still receive the greatest pressure to mature

Family and Family types Blended families Extended families Augmented families Two parent families Single families

Issues related to school and home School phobia-11 to 13 years (20% of children may exhibit) Child Sexual Abuse More common again girls than boys Legal right to report Long term therapy may be necessary

Resilience Warm, organized home life Support system Decrease stress