Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept SLIDE 1 1 Diamond Light Source Vacuum Systems Matthew Cox

Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept SLIDE 2 2 What is Diamond? 3 rd generation 3 GeV synchrotron light source Currently under construction near Oxford, UK First user beam planned for 2007 Constructed and operated by Joint Venture Company (Diamond Light Source Ltd) between UK Government represented by CCLRC (86%) and Wellcome Trust (14%) 7 phase one beamlines increasing by 4-5 per year (maximum around 40 beamlines) Optimised to produce high intensity focused x-rays from 100 eV to 100 keV for research in physics, chemistry, materials science and crystallography

Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept SLIDE 3 3 Diamond main parameters 3 GeV 300 mA (later 500 mA) 24-cell Double Bend Achromat (DBA) design (48 dipole magnets) 6-fold symmetry 18 x 5.3 m straights 6 x 8.3 m straights (4 available for IDs) Emittance (H,V) 2.7, 0.03 nm rad Lifetime 10 – 20 hours

Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept SLIDE 4 4 Diamond vacuum systems SubsystemLengthTarget operating pressure Linac (100 MeV)15 m10 -8 mbar LTB transfer line30 m10 -8 mbar Booster ring (100 MeV – 3 GeV) m circumference10 -8 mbar (10 -9 mbar in RF cavity) BTS transfer line50 m mbar Storage ring (3 GeV)561.6 m circumference10 -9 mbar Front ends10 m10 -9 mbar Beamlines15 m to 50 m and more to mbar typically

Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept SLIDE 5 5 Diamond layout Booster Linac Storage ring Beamlines Aerial photo 04 June 04

Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept SLIDE 6 6 Storage ring overview 24 identical arcs (17.35 m) each containing 2 bending (dipole) magnets + numerous quadrupole and sextupole magnets 2 crotches (x-ray beam outlets to front ends and beamlines) No in-situ bakeout (except for ion pumps) Assembled, processed and installed on 3 girders 24 straights 18 short (5.3 m) ID straights 6 long (8.3 m) straights (Injection, RF, Diagnostics) In-situ bakeout generally Total circumference m

Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept SLIDE 7 7 Storage ring arc m long Assembled, processed and installed in 3 sections Dipole Sector isolation valve Front end isolation valve

Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept SLIDE 8 8 Storage ring arc pumping and instrumentation Differential (noble) diode ion pump (16) NEG cartridge pump (2) TSP (2) All-metal gate valves (4) of which 2 have RF liner All-metal right-angle valves (4) Inverted magnetron / Pirani gauge pair (4) RGA (2) Roughing by mobile turbo/scroll pump cart

Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept SLIDE 9 9 Storage ring materials and processing Target pressure mbar with full stored current after 100 A.h of beam conditioning Mainly 316 LN stainless steel with 316 L in less critical places Out-of-vacuum ID vessels extruded aluminium with NEG coating Mixture of distributed and discrete copper absorbers No antechamber No in-situ bakeout for storage ring arcs except for ion pumps Pre-installation bakeout to °C Nitrogen venting and purging with pre-baked components for minor interventions Whole sector removed for major interventions Spare processed sector on standby In-situ bakeout for straights and front ends

Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept SLIDE Dipole and crotch vessel assembly Total 48 assemblies 3.5/3.8 m long 2 crotch vessel variants Bellows with RF assembly X-ray beam channel Crotch absorber port Finger absorber port Rectangular Conflat joint e-beam channel e-beam direction Pumping port

Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept SLIDE Photon absorbers Explosion bonded OFHC copper distributed absorber Discrete crotch and finger absorbers, OFHC copper vacuum brazed

Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept SLIDE Storage ring vacuum assembly and installation 6 m vacuum “string” assembly and pre-alignment on trolleys Lift into oven Bakeout to °C Lift under vacuum to Girder Assembly area Pump down and leak test Integrate with girders, magnets and services Crane into final position through the SR tunnel roof Vent to dry nitrogen, make vacuum interconnections to straights and pump down Transport up to 16 tonne girders ≈1000 m to synchrotron building Vacuum conditioning with stored beam Repeat 71 times Vessels cleaned and baked to 250°C at suppliers Bake straights in situ as needed

Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept SLIDE Storage ring assembly and installation

Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept SLIDE Injection system Pre-baked booster vacuum vessel and ion pump supplied under vacuum as part of girder assembly “Turnkey” Linac system Part of LTB transfer line assembled on site from vessels

Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept SLIDE Front ends 3 main designs of front end: Undulator (6 phase one) Superconducting multipole wiggler (1 phase one) Bending magnet Procured as complete assemblies baked and vacuum tested Absorbers for the undulator front ends

Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept SLIDE Beamlines and insertion devices 7 phase one beamlines Macromolecular crystallography x 3 Extreme Conditions Materials and Magnetism Microfocus Spectroscopy Nanoscience (UHV) 7 phase one insertion devices 5 in-vacuum undulators 1 out-of-vacuum undulator 1 superconducting multipole wiggler

Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept SLIDE Installation and commissioning status LinacStarted beam commissioning Booster % installed Transfer lines50% of LTB installed Storage ring32% of girders installed Front endsFirst front end in final test at the supplier BeamlinesBeamline components starting to be delivered

Matthew Cox VSSLS Workshop Barcelona Sept SLIDE Acknowledgements Diamond Vacuum Group ASTeC Vacuum Science Group Diamond Project Team