Chapter 15 Section 4 Reptiles

Standard; The anatomy and physiology of animals illustrate the complementary nature of structure and function EQ: Name the four orders of modern reptiles

I. Reptile Characteristics: A) Thick, scaly skin A) Thick, scaly skin 1- an important adaptation for life on land 1- an important adaptation for life on land 2- keeps reptiles from drying out 2- keeps reptiles from drying out

B) Reptiles are ectothermic B) Reptiles are ectothermic 1- cannot maintain a constant body temperature 1- cannot maintain a constant body temperature 2- reptiles slow down when it is cool 2- reptiles slow down when it is cool 3- a few reptiles do live in cooler regions, like the tuatara of New Zealand 3- a few reptiles do live in cooler regions, like the tuatara of New Zealand

C) Amniotic Egg- most critical adaptation to life on land C) Amniotic Egg- most critical adaptation to life on land 1- it is surrounded by a shell, which protects the embryo from drying out 1- it is surrounded by a shell, which protects the embryo from drying out 2- Reptiles only reproduce by internal fertilization 2- Reptiles only reproduce by internal fertilization

In your science notebook, sketch and label figure 31 on page 371. Title it: “The Importance of the Amniotic Egg” “The Importance of the Amniotic Egg”

II. Types of Reptiles: A) Turtles and tortoises- A) Turtles and tortoises- 1- have a shell 1- have a shell 2- most turtles spend a lot of time in water 2- most turtles spend a lot of time in water 3- sea turtles come onto land only to lay eggs 3- sea turtles come onto land only to lay eggs 4- tortoises live on land 4- tortoises live on land

B) Crocodiles and alligators: B) Crocodiles and alligators: 1- Spend most of their time in water 1- Spend most of their time in water 2- spectacular predators 2- spectacular predators 3- eyes and nostrils on top of their head 3- eyes and nostrils on top of their head

C) Lizards: C) Lizards: 1- Lizards live in deserts, forests, grasslands, and jungles. 1- Lizards live in deserts, forests, grasslands, and jungles. 2- Lizards include geckos, skinks, monitors, chameleons, iguanas……. 2- Lizards include geckos, skinks, monitors, chameleons, iguanas…….

D) Snakes: D) Snakes: 1- Have no legs, are carnivores, some are constrictors, some are venomous, they do not see or hear well, but have a good sense of smell. 1- Have no legs, are carnivores, some are constrictors, some are venomous, they do not see or hear well, but have a good sense of smell.

III. Now lets get scientific…… A) Remember classification? A) Remember classification? Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Phylum Chordata Class Reptilia Class Reptilia Order- will be different depending on the type of reptile, so lets break it down Order- will be different depending on the type of reptile, so lets break it down

B) Turtles and tortoises are in the B) Turtles and tortoises are in the Order Chelonia : Characteristics: Order Chelonia : Characteristics: 1- Shell encases the body 1- Shell encases the body 2- Plastron- bottom part of shell 2- Plastron- bottom part of shell 3- Carapace- top part of shell 3- Carapace- top part of shell 4- Scutes- made of keratin 4- Scutes- made of keratin 5- Lack teeth 5- Lack teeth

C) Lizards and Snakes are in the C) Lizards and Snakes are in the Order Squamata Order Squamata 1- Suborder Lacertilia and Sauria (Lizards) 1- Suborder Lacertilia and Sauria (Lizards) 2- Suborder Serpentes (Snakes) 2- Suborder Serpentes (Snakes)

D) Crocodiles, Alligators, and Gavials are in the D) Crocodiles, Alligators, and Gavials are in the Order Crocodylia Characteristics: Order Crocodylia Characteristics: 1- Heavily armored bodies formed by osteoderms 1- Heavily armored bodies formed by osteoderms 2- Aquatic to a certain degree 2- Aquatic to a certain degree 3- Social animals 3- Social animals 4- The 4 th tooth visible in crocs 4- The 4 th tooth visible in crocs

E) Tuataras are in the E) Tuataras are in the Order Rhynchocephalia ( Living fossil) Order Rhynchocephalia ( Living fossil) 1- Live in the cool mountainous regions of New Zealand (these reptiles need to be cool) 1- Live in the cool mountainous regions of New Zealand (these reptiles need to be cool) 2- Only survivor of a group of ancient reptiles 2- Only survivor of a group of ancient reptiles 3- Live in burrows 3- Live in burrows 4- ARE NOT LIZARDS!! 4- ARE NOT LIZARDS!!

5- Cool facts about Tuataras….. 5- Cool facts about Tuataras….. a) they can hold their breath for up to an hour! a) they can hold their breath for up to an hour! b) keep growing until they are 35 years old b) keep growing until they are 35 years old c) live to be about 60 yrs old! c) live to be about 60 yrs old! d) they only shed once a year d) they only shed once a year e) the temperature that the eggs are incubated at determines the sex of the offspring e) the temperature that the eggs are incubated at determines the sex of the offspring f) are endangered of becoming extinct! f) are endangered of becoming extinct!