Unit 17 Dental Assistant Skills

17:1 Identifying the Structures and Tissues of a Tooth Odontology: study of the anatomy, growth, and diseases of the teeth Teeth are accessory organs of the digestive tract Aid in mastication (chewing) of food Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Two Sets of Teeth Dentations: sets of teeth Primary or deciduous dentition Permanent or succedaneous dentition Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The Tooth Crown Root Cervix Apex Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Tissues of the Tooth Enamel Cementum Dentin Pulp Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Periodontium Structures that surround and support teeth Alveolar process or ridge Periodontal ligament Gingiva or gums Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Dental Care Disease can affect the teeth and supporting structures Dental care Preventing and treating dental disease Preserving and prolonging the life of the teeth Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

7:2 Identifying the Teeth Incisors Cuspids Bicuspids Molars Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Primary or Deciduous Teeth First set of teeth – called “baby” teeth 20 teeth Ten maxillary (upper) 2 central incisors 2 lateral incisors 2 cuspids 2 first molars 2 second molars Ten mandibular (lower) 2 central incisors 2 lateral incisors 2 cuspids 2 first molars 2 second molars Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Classification of Teeth Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Permanent or Succedaneous Teeth Second or permanent set of teeth 32 teeth 16 maxillary (upper) 2 central incisors 2 cuspids 2 first bicuspids 2 second bicuspids 2 first molars 2 second molars 2 third molars (wisdom teeth) 16 mandibular (lower) 2 central incisors 2 cuspids 2 first bicuspids 2 second bicuspids 2 first molars 2 second molars 2 third molars (wisdom teeth) Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

17:3 Identifying Teeth Using Numbering Systems Universal Numbering System: abbreviating form of identifying teeth Federation Dentaire International System: another method of numbering teeth, most widely used system in Canada and European countries. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Universal Numbering System Primary Teeth (A-T) Permanent Teeth (1-32) Starting at the maxillary right third molar Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Federation Dentaire International System Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

17:4 Identifying the Surfaces of the Teeth Anterior and posterior teeth Crown surfaces Suggested abbreviations, p. 482 Line angles of teeth, p. 482 Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Identifying the Surfaces of the Teeth (continued) Point angles of teeth, p. 482 Anterior teeth line angles and point angles Posterior teeth line angles and point angles Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

17:5 Charting Conditions of the Teeth Conditions of the teeth are often charted on dental charts or insurance forms Forms, symbols used, abbreviations, and other factors vary Dental charts are legal records Dental charts Anatomic diagrams Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Charting Conditions of the Teeth (continued) Geometric diagrams Surfaces of teeth Charting guidelines Common symbols for anatomic or geometric diagrams Recording treatments or services Common abbreviations used for services rendered Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

17:6 Operating and Maintaining Dental Equipment Follow manufacturer’s recommendations for operation of equipment Infection control Dental light Air compressor Oral evacuation system or central vacuum system Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Operating and Maintaining Dental Equipment (continued) Assistant’s cart Tri-flow or air-water syringe Saliva ejector High-velocity oral evacuator Cuspidor Doctor’s cart Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Operating and Maintaining Dental Equipment (continued) Low-speed handpiece (conventional-speed) High-speed handpiece (ultraspeed) Maintenance of low-speed and high-speed handpieces Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Summary Responsibilities for care and maintenance of dental equipment will vary Dental assistant should learn exactly what maintenance is expected as a part of the job Read specific manufacturer’s instructions for equipment you will handle Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

17:7 Identifying Dental Instruments and Preparing Dental Trays Methods for setting up dental trays Organization of trays Main parts of a dental hand instrument Standard instruments Guidelines for preparing dental trays Examples of tray set-ups Basic principles for preparing dental trays Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

17:8 Positioning a Patient in the Dental Chair Designed to position patient comfortably while providing doctor and assistant easy access to oral cavity Headrests Supine position Chair controls Cleaning chair Principles of seating patient in dental chair Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

17:9 Demonstrating Brushing and Flossing Techniques Using correct brushing and flossing techniques is essential to prevent dental disease May be responsible for teaching patients Correct brushing and flossing is one method of prophylactic care Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Demonstrating Brushing and Flossing Techniques (continued) Purposes Demonstrations Bass method Five surfaces on each tooth Toothbrushes Toothpastes or dentifrices Dental floss Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Summary Correct brushing and flossing provides prophylactic care Give thorough explanation to all patients Make sure patient understands procedures Asking patient to demonstrate procedures is a good way to determine if all points have been learned Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

17:10 Taking Impressions and Pouring Molds Negative film reproduction of a tooth, several teeth, or a dental arch Taken to form a model of the area for restoration treatment that will take place outside of the mouth Common materials used to take impressions Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Alginate Irreversible hydrocolloid impression material Advantages Disadvantages Alginate powder Basic principles for taking alginate impression Storage of alginate material Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Rubber Base or Polysulfide Elastomeric impression material that is elastic and rubbery in nature Three types are available Can be used in any type of dental impression Not as subject to dimension changes as alginate Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Rubber Base or Polysulfide (continued) Models should be poured promptly if possible Disadvantages Basic principles of preparing rubber base Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Polysiloxane or Polyvinylsiloxane Improved silicone material Available in different material qualities Supplied in two tubes Advantages Disadvantages Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Models or Casts Positive reproduction of the arches or teeth that is created from the negative impression Serves as basis for construction Gypsum products Plaster Stone Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Models or Casts (continued) Basic principles for use of gypsum products Basic principles for pouring models Trimming models Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 17:11 Making Custom Trays Impression trays that are made to fit patient’s mouth Materials used to produce trays Acrylic resins difficult to remove from mixing containers Basic principles for making custom trays Always observe standard precautions Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

17:12 Maintaining and Loading an Anesthetic Aspirating Syringe Types of anesthesia Topical anesthesia Types of injections for local anesthetics Medications Carpules Aspirating syringe Observe standard precautions Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

17:13 Mixing Dental Cements and Bases Cements and bases used in variety of dental procedures Terminology Types of products Basic principles of mixing cements and bases Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

17:14 Preparing Restorative Materials Restoration: process of replacing a diseased portion of a tooth or a lost tooth by artificial means May include filling material, crowns, bridge, denture, partial denture, or implant Dental caries or decay Amalgams and composites Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Summary Read manufacturer’s instructions before preparing any restorative materials Take care to avoid contamination of materials in containers Observe standard precautions while performing any dental procedure Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

17:15 Developing and Mounting Dental X-Rays Dental X-rays or radiographs Types of dental radiographs Developing films Mounting X-rays Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.