Chapter 22 Reproductive Systems Male reproductive organs 22-2

Male Reproductive Organs posterior view 22-3

Descent of Testes 22-4

Formation of Sperm Cells 22-6 Testis.mov

Spermatogenesis 22-7 Meiosis.mov

Crossing Over mixes up traits different colors represent the fact that one homologous chromosome comes from the individual’s father and one from the mother 22-8

Crossing Over the genetic information in sperm cells and egg cells varies from cell to cell 22-9

Structure of a Sperm Cell 22-10

Male Internal Accessory Organs vas deferens prostate gland bulbourethral glands 22-11

Epididymis tightly coiled tube promote maturation of sperm cells 22-12

Vas Deferens muscular tube about 45 cm 22-13

Seminal Vesicle attached to vas deferens near base of bladder contents empty into ejaculatory duct 22-14

Prostate Gland surrounds beginning of urethra ducts of gland open into urethra secretion enhances fluid mobility 22-15

Bulbourethral Gland inferior to the prostate gland fluid released in response to sexual stimulation 22-16

Semen secretions of seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands prostaglandins 22-17

Male External Reproductive Organs scrotum penis 22-18

Scrotum pouch of skin and subcutaneous tissue 22-19

Penis 22-20

Penis 22-21

Erection, Orgasm, and Ejaculation Erection Orgasm culmination of sexual stimulation accompanied by emission and ejaculation Ejaculation emission is the movement of semen into urethra Penis.mov

Actions of Testosterone sometimes decreased growth of scalp hair enlargement of larynx and thickening of vocal cords increased muscular growth 22-26

Organs of the Female Reproductive System 22-27

Oogenesis 22-30

Follicles Mammalian Ovary Graffian Follicle 22-31

Follicles 22-32

Follicle Maturation exe

Ovulation Ovary.mov

Female Internal Accessory Organs uterine tubes uterus vagina 22-35

Uterine Tubes 22-36

Lining of Uterine Tubes 22-37

Uterus 22-38

Female External Reproductive Organs 22-41

Effects of Estrogens increased adipose tissue in breasts, thighs, and buttocks 22-44

Female Reproductive Cycle FSH stimulates follicle maturation granulosa cells secrete estrogens LH surge released which stimulates ovulation estrogens and progesterone cause uterine lining to thicken and become more vascular corpus luteum degenerates and no longer secretes estrogens and progesterone uterine lining disintegrates and sloughs off 22-45

Female Reproductive Cycle 22-46

Menopause usually occurs in late 40s or early 50s ovaries no longer produce as much estrogens and progesterone some female secondary sex characteristics may disappear may produce hot flashes and fatigue 22-47

Birth Control coitus interruptus rhythm method mechanical barriers condom diaphragm cervical cap spermicidal foams or jellies chemical barriers spermicides oral contraceptives hormonal injectable contraception hormonal contraceptive implants hormonal intrauterine devices surgical methods vasectomy tubal ligation 22-49

Surgical Methods of Birth Control Epes.movOvary 2.mov

Sexually Transmitted Diseases silent infections AIDS causes death symptoms of STDs include burning sensation during urination pain in lower abdomen fever or swollen glands discharge from vagina or penis pain, itch, or inflammation in genital or anal area sores, blisters, bumps or rashes itchy runny eyes 22-51

Clinical Application Prostate Enlargement benign prostatic hypertrophy occurs in most men over 50 BPH causes frequent urination risk factors include a fatty diet, having had a vasectomy, or exposure to certain environmental factors treatments include surgical removal, drugs, insertion of balloon into urethra, freezing of tumor, or insertion of stent between lobes of prostate to relieve pressure on urethra 22-52