Family, Income and Crime University of Montevideo Sept. 28, 2006 Patrick F. Fagan The Heritage Foundation

The Five Institutions

Note: Figures do not include transferred income.

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Impact of Divorce on Income of Families 10,000 Before DivorceAfter Divorce 20,000 30,000 40,000 $50, Average Annual Income Source: Corcoran and Chaudray, Unpublished Research Paper, Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, May 1994 Family Status

Schema: Having Vs Belonging in the US

EDUCATION

Grade Point Average 2.5 Intact Married Parents Cohabiting Parents Step Parents Source: National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health Wave 1, 1995 Family Structure Always Single Parents Divorced Parents Grade Point Average (Out of Maximum of 4.0) 2.4

School Expulsion Source Add Health Wave II 1996

ABUSE, First CRIME, Later

In Britain, a Child Whose Biological Mother Cohabits was 33 Times More Likely to Suffer Serious Abuse than a Child with Married Parents 5 Biological Parents Married Mother Married to Stepfather Biological Mother Alone Biological Parents Cohabiting Source: Robert Whelan, Broken Homes and Broken Children, Family Structure Biological Father Alone Biological Mother Cohabiting Comparative Risk Ratios for Serious Abuse,

In Britain, a Child Whose Biological Mother Cohabits was 73 Times More Likely to Suffer Fatal Abuse than a Child with Married Parents 5 Biological Parents Married Mother Married to Stepfather Biological Mother Alone Biological Parents Cohabiting Source: Robert Whelan, Broken Homes and Broken Children, Family Structure Biological Father Alone Biological Mother Cohabiting Comparative Risk Ratios for Serious Abuse,

Runaway Children in UK 0% Step-Families Lone-parent Families Two-parent Families Percentage of children running away overnight before the age of 16 10%5%15%20%25%

CRIME CITIZENSHIP