Perm June 2011 Wim van Geffen director MST-Nederland Breaking the cycle of criminal behaviour by the focus on family and not on youth.

The Netherlands Why focus on family, what works? For example MST? What are the results? Breaking the cycle of criminal behaviour by the focus on family and not on the youth. Content:

Where on earth is the Netherlands? Perm

The Netherlands famous?

16,5 million inhabitants (2009) 3.5 million youth (0 -17 years old) in care (7,3%) in closed institutions (0.1%) The Netherlands (2009) youth interviewed by the police each year Reports WODC en NJI Youth in prison in Europe

Many possibilities: from pre-trial alternatives to placement in a closed treatment institute for 6 years, but always tailor-made: (focused on the individual youth) Dutch legal system youth Self reported crimes 2005 WODC

Dutch legal system youth

Why focus on family? Recidive follow-up after secure institution Growth of secure institutions youth Behaviour change by placement in secure institutions is ineffective and expensive Reports WODC

What does not work: Boot camps, Scared straight, (youth in adult prison) Non-directive, client centered approaches Freudian approaches Drug prevention classes focused on fear Drug education programs “Talk” thepary Self-Help programs Vague unstructured rehabilitation programs Behaviour change by focus on the youth is ineffective Greenwood, Howell, Drake, Sedlak, Eyberg, Lipsey Petrosino, …

5 Principles of Effective Interventions: What works: 1.Risk Principle: Target higher risk offenders 2.Need Principle: Target criminogenic risk/need factors 3.Treatment Principle: Use behavioral treatment approaches and family therapy 4.Responsivity Principle: Address barriers to treatment such as lack of motivation, anxiety and take into account individual differences 5.Fidelity Principle: Implement interventions as designed For example: Multisystemic therapy (MST) Lipton vs Priestley…

Intensive: caselaod 4 per therapist, 24 hours a day Maximum 150 days (3 - 5 months) Teams: 4 therapists 1/2 supervisor and 1/6 expert Interventions: System- en (cognitive) behavioral therapy Methode: Whatever it takes, 9 principles and a do - loop Continues Quality system: manuals, (ROM) measuers What is MST? For youth 12 – 17 years with severe behavioural problems

(Cost) effective 19 RCT’s trial High accountability for results, motivation etc. Quality system Family preservation Why MST (2004) Alternative for detention and closed treatment Changes can happen fast

MST-Nederland MST (2011) 480+ teams worldwide 83 teams Europa 28 teams in the Netherlands MST-Nederland

What is MST? The social ecological model (Bronfenbrenner, 1979)

Improved Family Functioning PeersSchool Reduced Antisocial Behavior and Improved Functioning Community What is MST?

1.Finding the “Fit” 2.Positive & Strength Focused 3.Increasing Responsibility 4.Present-Focused, Action-Oriented, Well Defined 5.Targeting Sequences 6.Developmentally Appropriate 7.Continuous Effort 8.Evaluation and Accountability 9.Generalization Ninth principes: “Whatever it takes”.

Kim’s Substance Abuse Drug using Peers Access to marijuana Caregivers give Kim cash Uses after conflicts with mother Lack of consequences for use Boredom, doesn’t have other things to do Modeling of use in community(peers and adults) Low monitoring by mother Principle 1

Mom asks youth to do homework and clean room Youth says he’ll do it in a minute Mom makes a second request; youth ignores Step-father intervenes: “listen to your mom” Youth states “get out of my face, you’re not my dad Step father shouts: “you live in my house, do it now” Mom gets in the middle to stop verbal argument and gets pushed Mom hits her head, step- father is furious Youth runs to room, and locks door Step-father calls police Youth arrested for assault charge Principle 5

Number clients and treatment days What results?

Results end of treatment What results?

Bedankt