PHOTOSYNTHESIS STAGES 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + light energy  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Stages of Photosynthesis: i.Absorb light energy (via pigments) ii.Convert light energy  chemical energy iii.Convert chemical energy  organic compounds

CARBON DIOXIDE FIXATION CO 2 Fixation: the transfer of carbon dioxide to organic compounds, such as glucose aka. Light Independent Reactions or Calvin Cycle Calvin Cycle- most common method of CO 2 Fixation. A series of enzyme-assisted chemical reactions produce a 3- carbon sugar.

LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTIONS Do these reactions occur in the daylight, night, or both? Input (s): Output (s):

STEPS OF CALVIN CYCLE 1.CO 2 is added to a 5-C compound via enzyme RuBisCO to make a 6-C compound. 2.The resulting 6-C compound splits into two 3- C compounds; phosphates from ATP and electrons from NADPH are added. 3.One of the 3-C compounds is used to make C 6 H 12 O 6, a sugar to store energy for plant. 4.The other 3-C compound gets recycled back into the mix to keep cycle going.

3 carbon simple sugar (recycled) organic compounds: sucrose, starch Unstable 6 carbon compound RuBi sCO + 5 carbon compound 3 carbon simple sugar (recycled) organic compounds: sucrose, starch Unstable 6 carbon compound RuBi sCO + 5 carbon compound

CARBOHYDRATE TERMS Monosaccharide: monomer of a carbohydrate Example: Glucose Disaccharide: polymer of a carbohydrate Example: Sucrose Polysaccharide: polymer of carbohydrate Example: Cellulose,

CARBOHYDRATES Composed of C, H and O atoms Ratio of carbohydrates is 1C: 2H: 1O

Monomer Glucose - Single ring Polymer Sucrose - two or more rings

DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS

HYDROLYSIS + H 2 O