The Science of Dreams Presentation by Charles Beaman MD/PhD Student UT Health.

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Presentation transcript:

The Science of Dreams Presentation by Charles Beaman MD/PhD Student UT Health

Are Dreams Important? 2 Nobel Prizes Otto Loewi Chemical Transmission of Nerve Impulses Neils Bohr Structure of Atoms and Quantum Mechanics

How Do We Measure Dreams?

Stages of Sleep

Two Types of Dreams Stages of Sleep NREM REM

Alpine Racer 2

Dreaming in Rats Now we can actually LISTEN to the Neurons in the brain

Dreaming in Rats

Rats in the Maze

Dreaming in Rats

NREM Dreaming REM Dreaming Compressed in Time Scale (1 sec of dream equals 10 of reality) Practice Learned skills Expanded Time Scale Simulations? Testing Future Possibilities

Why Do We have Nightmares?

How Does My Lab Measure Dreams?

Electrocorticoraphy Intractable Epilepsy Patients Patients in the Hospital for about 1 week We can use this time window to study Sleep

Local Sleep

The Dream-Reading Machine

Neural Decoding of Visual Imagery During Sleep T. Horikawa, M. Tamaki, Y. Miyawaki, Y. Kamitani ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan

Task Design Awoken every 5-6 minutes

Outline of Sleep (Nap) Experiment 3 subjects 1 pm to 5:30 pm fMRI scans + EEG, EOG, EMG, and ECG Usually last 90 minutes over 7 days  > 200 awakenings with visual report Subject awakened after single epoch of alpha- wave suppression and theta-wave (ripple) occurrence (Stage 1 sleep)

Success with Awakening at Appropriate Time 235 awakenings 198 awakenings 186 awakenings

Example of Verbal Reports Reports lasted seconds They also collected a “Vividness” and subjective timing of each event, but did not use this data Non-visual reports were classified as: thought (active thinking), forgot, non-visual, and no report

Visual Content Labeling - WordNet Based on Synonymy – 117,000 “synsets” that are sets of related words They assigned all reports to synsets.

Base Synsets – Common, specific semantically exclusive and specific

Visual Stimulus Experiment Used ImageNet – 240 images per base synset Placed in center of screen, subjects freely viewed images without fixation fMRI recorded for each base synset 9 second stimulus block, 6 images sampled from one synset,.75 s with.75 s interleaved blanks Followed by 6 s rest period ~40 blocks per base synset were recorded

Area of Brain Studied Higher Visual Cortex – ventral region covering lateral occipital complex, fusiform face area, and parahippocampal area (1000 voxels) Lower Visual Cortex – V1 to V3 (1000 voxels) Subareas (400 voxels)

Pairwise Decoding Binary classifier was first trained on fMRI data to 2 base synsets, then tested on sleep samples Containing exclusively 1 of the 2 synsets

Multilabel Decoding

Videos ry.tmc.edu/content/suppl/2013/04/03/scienc e DC1/ s1.mov ry.tmc.edu/content/suppl/2013/04/03/scienc e DC1/ s1.mov ry.tmc.edu/content/suppl/2013/04/03/scienc e DC1/ s2.mov ry.tmc.edu/content/suppl/2013/04/03/scienc e DC1/ s2.mov

Sleep Types