Novel Waterborne Epoxy Curing Agent Technology David Dubowik Air Products & Chemicals Presented at the TRFA Annual Meeting November 15, 2005 Fort Lauderdale, Florida

Outline: Novel Waterborne Epoxy Curing Agent Waterborne Epoxy Overview Market Drivers Novel Curing Agent Technology Performance Attributes Summary

Typical WB Epoxy Applications Institutional & Maintenance Coatings Low Odor Easy Handling Abrasion Resistance Alkali & Acid Stain Resistance

Waterborne Epoxy...The Basics H2O Evaporates Epoxy & Amine Dispersed in Water Epoxy & Amine Polymerize Coating Applied

Type I Waterborne Epoxies Liquid Epoxy Water Soluble Amine - Emulsion + High Shear Amine acts as Epoxy Emulsifier Water + Amine + Epoxy form Complex Emulsion Emulsion Destabilizes Visible Pot Life Liquid Epoxy Short Pot Life, Slow Dry

Type II Waterborne Epoxies Epoxy Pre-dispersed with Nonionic Surfactant Amine Migrates from Water into Epoxy Polymerization Inside Particle Blind Pot Life Solid Epoxy Long Pot Life, Fast Dry Co-Solvents Needed for Coalescence

Type I & II Curing Agent Limitations Property Type I Type II Viscosity > 10,000 cP > 5,000 cP Color > 6 Co-Solvents 0-100 g/l 100-250 g/l Water Solubility Medium - High Moderate - Medium Maximum Film Build 6 mil DFT 5 mil DFT Curing Agents Trap Water, Limit Film Build

Market Drivers for New Technology Easier Handling Lower Viscosity Higher Water Dilution No Induction Time Lower Color Lower Initial Color Higher Yellowing resistance Higher Film Build Mastics Block Fillers

Novel Waterborne Epoxy Technology Anquawhite 100 Amine Functional Dispersion in Water Water Insoluble Highly Compatible with Epoxy

Anquawhite 100 Properties Viscosity 200 cP Solids 55% Solvents Water 41% PM 4% Color, Gardner 1 AHEW 350 Freeze-Thaw Cycles > 5 Low Amine Content Improves Yellowing Stain Resistance

Anquawhite 100 + Epoxy Dispersion Film Formation Minimal Epoxy-Amine Interaction Low Viscosity High Solids

Anquawhite 100 + Epoxy Dispersion Long Pot Life & High Gloss

Anquawhite 100 - Liquid Epoxy Film Formation Amine Emulsifies Liquid Epoxy

Pot Life with Liquid Epoxy 10000 10000 65% solids 65% solids 8000 8000 (mPa.s) 60% solids 60% solids 55% solids 55% solids C 6000 6000 ° ° 4000 4000 Viscosity 25 Viscosity 25 2000 2000 100 100 200 200 300 300 400 400 500 500 Time [min] Time [min]

Low Amine Content Delivers High Resistance to Yellowing Cycloaliphatic Amine 40 Typical Waterborne Yellowness Index 20 Anquawhite 100 Solid Epoxy Dispersion Anquawhite 100 Liquid Epoxy 20 40 60 80 Hours QUVA

Hydrophobic Amine: Less Trapped Water, Higher Film Build Typical WB Epoxy 20 mil DFT Anquawhite 100 20 mil DFT

Low Amine Content Results in High Stain Resistance Anquawhite 100 Conventional Waterborne Discoloration Blistering Discoloration Blistering Coffee no change no slight stain no Ketchup no change no slight stain no Mustard no change no yellow stain slight Red Wine very slight stain no red stain slight

Anquawhite 100 Food Stain Resistance Red Wine Red Wine Mustard Ketchup Typical WB Epoxy Coating Anquawhite 100 Coating Ketchup Mustard

Anquawhite 100 Hydrophobicity Results in High Barrier Properties 4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00 7.50 8.00 8.50 9.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 Log Freq (Hz) Log Modulus (Ohm) Anquawhite 100 75 day immersion Conventional Waterborne 25 day immersion Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Coating Failure Anquawhite 100 Forms an Excellent Barrier Against Water & Salts

Starting Point Formulation: Fast Dry Enamel Pounds Pounds Gallons Gallons A Side A Side Ancarez AR 550 413.6 413.6 45.1 45.1 RM 8W (25% in H O ) 41.4 41.4 5.0 5.0 2 455.0 455.0 50.00 50.00 B Side B Side Anquawhite Anquawhite 100 100 144.8 144.8 16.5 16.5 DI H 2 O 188.2 188.2 22.6 22.6 Disperbyk Disperbyk 190 190 10.3 10.3 1.2 1.2 DF 110D DF 110D 4.1 4.1 0.50 0.50 R 960 R 960 289.5 289.5 8.9 8.9 Surfynol Surfynol 420 420 3.1 3.1 0.4 0.4 640.1 640.1 50.00 50.00 PVC 19 % Wt Solids 65% 65% VOC (lb/gal) 0.11 Vol Solids 47% 47% Dry to Touch 15 min. Pot Life 8 hr.

Starting Point Formulation: High Build Enamel Pounds Gallons A Side Epon 828 155.69 16.08 Epodil 748 29.22 3.93 20.0 B Side Anquawhite 100 325.11 37.10 DI H2O 68.35 8.19 Disperbyk 190 15.19 1.72 DF 110D 3.80 0.45 Rheology Modifier 15.19 1.82 5% Acetic 121.52 14.56 Dowanol PPh 52.40 5.91 TiPure R 960 311.39 9.57 Surfynol 440 5.70 0.68 918.65 80.0 PVC Dry to Touch 4 hr Pot Life 2 hr 19.4% VOC (lb/gal) 1.26 Wt Solids 64% Vol Solids 53%

Summary Novel Amine Dispersion Technology Low Viscosity High Build Low Yellowing High Stain Resistance High Water Resistance Formulating Versatility

Questions ?

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