By : Bara Thaher Mohammad Sameer Osama Joma’a Supervisor : Dr Sameh Mona Climate Responsive Design For Administrative Building In different climate zones in Palestine An-Najah National University Faculty of Engineering Building department 6/5/20161

Project description Methodology for solutions Project design( Architectural, environmental, Structural, Mechanical, Electrical) Recommendations for selection of environmental elements according to climate differences O utline :

Our project is a redesign and suggestion of administrative building. These type of buildings are important as it is used in many fields of usage in different climate zones such as. The building designers establish these type of buildings without an overview to climate differences. Project description Why administrative buildings:

The employers of these type of buildings are not responsible for the energy bill, so they switch on the mechanical systems to reach their comfort zone. This will cost the government a lot of expenses. Project description (cont.) Why administrative buildings:

We considered education and higher education building in Tulkarm. Project description (cont.)

Four floors and ground floor building and 256 m² for each floor. East west orientation, and the entrance form east elevation. Project description (cont.)

Orientation of the building east-west. solar design is not taken into consideration. Consumes a large amount of energy because there is a huge amount of air conditioners Project problems Project description (cont.)

The east elevation contain large glassing areas. number of elevators is small compared to the size of the building. There are no emergency staircase. No shading. The parking capacity is not enough. Project problems (cont.)

we have divided building solutions into three categories to compare. Category 1: existed building in Tulkarm. Category 2: suggested solutions for the existed building in Tulkarm. Category 3: the effect of climate diversity on the building. Methodology for solutions.

Project design : Architectural solutions

East elevation. Project design : Architectural solutions (cont.)

West elevation. Project design : Architectural solutions (cont.)

North elevation. Project design : Architectural solutions (cont.)

South elevation. Project design : Architectural solutions (cont.)

We used ECOTICT simulation program to analyze: Day lighting levels. Thermal insulation. We take a room in each elevation in existed and suggested buildings to be analyzed. Project design : Environmental analyzing.

Daylight analysis: Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

East room analysis in existed building. Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

East room analysis in suggested building. Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

From the previous analysis, the output of ECOTICT program was as follow: Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

Thermal analysis Using ECOTICT program, we analyzed the second floor in existed and suggested buildings, and extracted the simulation output. Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

Buildings thermal mass and walls layers. Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

The existing and suggestion building have the same partition layers. Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

Types of window: Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

We divide the second floor to four zone. Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

The output from the analysis are shown in the following table: Heating load comparison: Cooling load comparison: Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

Solar chimney: Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

Solar window: Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

Shading : Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

Air conditions water disposal. Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

we redesigned the existing building in Tulkarm according to the followings: The American Concrete Institute code ACI The seismic design according to UBC-97. The analysis and design were done using SAP2000 program. Project design : Structural Analysis and Design

Design data : 1. Compressive strength : f \ c =24 Mpa 2.Yielding strength of steel The yield strength of steel for flexure Fy= 420Mpa. 3. Bearing capacity of soil the bearing capacity of soil Q all. = 20Mpa. 4. Slab thickness One way ribbed slab is selected in design. The longest span (one end continues) = 4.55 m. The thickness of slab (h) = 455/18.5=24.6 cm we used 25 cm as a thickness of slab. Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

4.Beams dimension 5.columns dimension GroupDimension (mm)reinforcement C1300*500 12ɸ14 C2300* ɸ14 typeDimension (mm) Main beams250*550 drop 300*250 Secondary beams250*400 Edge beams300*400 Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

Columns types and distribution Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

Compatibility check 3D Model Checks : Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

Maximum deflections Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

Error%SAPManual 4.34 % S.I.D 0.27 % Live load Equilibrium checks Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

Check participating mass ratio: Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

Slab moments from sap Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

Slab reinforcement Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

Reinforcement of a section in slab Bottom steelTop steel 2 ɸ 18mm 2 ɸ 12mm Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

Design of beams Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

Design of stairs Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

Design of footings Footing reinforcement Footing dimension (B*L*H) m Group 9ɸ14 long direction 10ɸ14 short direction (2.00*1.80*0.35)F1 12ɸ14 long direction 13ɸ14 short direction (2.20*2.00*0.35)F2 Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

Reinforcement of the windows Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

Elevator System Design. Water Supply Systems. Drainage Water Systems Design. HVAC System Design. Project design : Mechanical design

Elevator System Design. After making calculations for the required elevators the result was: The elevator type is motor driven elevator with a sliding door we use 2 elevator type (2500/350) Project design : Mechanical design (cont.)

Water Supply Systems. we took the third floor as sample of calculations : we use 1.5’’ for main vertical cooled Pipe We used 1’’ for main vertical heat Pipe We used 1.25'' for main horizontal cooled pipe Project design : Mechanical design (cont.)

Water Supply Systems (cont.) We used 3/4 for main horizontal heat We used 3/8'' for sink. We used 3/8 '' for flush tank. Project design : Mechanical design (cont.)

Water Supply Systems (cont.) Project design : Mechanical design (cont.)

Drainage Water Systems Design. After doing calculation for plumbing system we used for : stack diameter 4’’. Lavatory pipe diameter 2’’. floor drain pipe diameter 3’’. Sewage Manholes pipe 4’’. Dischage pipe 4’’ Project design : Mechanical design (cont.)

Drainage Water Systems Design (cont.) Project design : Mechanical design (cont.)

Drainage Water Systems Design (cont.) Project design : Mechanical design (cont.)

DISCHAGE PIPE: Project design : Mechanical design (cont.)

HVAC System Design. Form ECOTICT, results of heating and cooling load for the zone as flow: : Fourth zoneThird zoneSecond zoneFirst zone Heating load Cooling load Project design : Mechanical design (cont.)

HVAC System Design (cont.). We use cooling load to design and diffuser which diffuse 400 CFM for room and other diffuse 200 CFM for Corridor. We use Design Tools Ducts Size Version 6.4 to find duct size. Project design : Mechanical design (cont.)

HVAC System Design (cont.). Cooling load First zone Second zone Third zone Furth zone Project design : Mechanical design (cont.)

HVAC System Design (cont.). Project design : Mechanical design (cont.)

Lighting Design: we used lumens method to find required number of lighting units. Used (F14T12) lighting units The required lumens for offices 500 lux. For corridor 100 lux. For bath room 120 lux. Workplace height is 60 cm Project design : Electrical design.

We will take planning room sample of calculation diminutions (4.3*3.8*2.4)m Reflection coefficient of the roof = 70% Reflection coefficient of the wall = 50% E=500 Lux F100T Flux =4750Lum use Kr = (L*W)/(Hm*(L+W))=(3.8*4.3)/(2.4*( )) Kr =0.8 Uf=.35 Df=LLD*LDD*RSDD Clean.85*.85*.85 =.61 =DF E=(n*f*uf*df)/(A) 500 = (n * 4750 *.35 * 0.61)\15.9 N= n\4 = 15.15\4 = 4 Laminar Project design : Electrical design.

Electrical load

Project design : Electrical design. Electrical load

Project design : Electrical design. Electrical load

Project design : Electrical design. DIAlux:

Project design : Electrical design. DIAlux:

After analysis and study we found out recommended choices for environmental elements for buildings according to their climate diversity as follows: Orientation JerichoNablusTulkarm orientationSouth-north Recommendations for selection of environmental elements according to climate differences

Recommendations for selection of environmental elements according to climate differences (cont.) Shading JerichoNablusTulkarm ShadingFull shadingIn summer Thermal Mass JerichoNablusTulkarem Thermal massLowerHigherModerate InsulationLowerHigherModerate

ventilation JerichoNablusTulkarm ventilationMechanical and natural Naturalnatural openings JerichoNablusTulkarm Large opening in: No large openings North and south height to widthheight >> widthheight => width Recommendations for selection of environmental elements according to climate differences (cont.)

Heating and cooling to be designed Shape of building JerichoNablusTulkarm ShapeSquare with core inside Squarerectangular JerichoNablusTulkarm Heating Not to be designed To be designed CoolingTo be designed Recommendations for selection of environmental elements according to climate differences (cont.)