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Workshop goals Explore the elements of an effective hazard identification and control program. Discuss the steps in the hazard identification and control process. Complete the hazard identification and control worksheet.

Form Teams

Hazard + Exposure a Accident IDENTIFYING HAZARDS It takes a hazard and someone exposed to the hazard to produce an accident. Hazard + Exposure a Accident

What is a "hazard?" Complete the sentence below. nsafe ondition ractice njury llness mployee reventable

What is “Exposure?” How close are you to the "danger zone"? Physical exposure - generally arm’s length Environmental exposure - could be everyone in facility.

Conditions and behaviors are just the symptoms They are specific: if you can point to a person or a thing, it's a surface symptom They may exist or be performed by anyone, anytime, anywhere They may directly cause or contribute to an incident or accident They likely represent the outputs of a flawed safety management system They are important clues revealing root causes

3 Conditions account for _____ % of all workplace accidents. Behaviors account for _____ % of all workplace accidents. Uncontrollable acts account for ____ % of all workplace accidents. 95 2 Conclusion: Management has some degree of control over 98% of the causes for all accidents in the workplace!

The underlying root causes must be diagnosed and treated! System Design Defects - Missing or inadequate program development One or more inadequate policies, plans, programs, processes, procedures, practices Inadequate resources - money, time, people, materials, etc. Assures inadequate implementation of the safety management system Have the greatest positive or negative impact on the safety management system

System Performance Defects - Failure to accomplish action plans Managers, supervisors, or employees fail to effectively carry out safety policies, plans, processes, procedures or management practices They produce common hazardous conditions and/or unsafe behaviors, or They produce repeated unique hazardous conditions and/or unsafe behaviors

1 Four Important Processes to Identify and Analyze Hazards Inspections How to develop an effective safety and health checklist. Determine applicable state safety & health rules for the workplace. Review rules and use those you feel apply to your workplace. Develop applicable checklist questions that are not addressed in the rules.

Who's involved in the inspection process? What is a major weakness inherent in the inspection process? What process(es) can we use to overcome this weakness?

2 Observation Observations, informal and formal, are quite important in daily workplace safety. Employees and managers can spot hazardous conditions and unsafe or inappropriate behaviors while they conduct their other tasks.

Writing Effective Inspection Reports 1. The Background/Introduction 2. The Findings 3. The Recommendations 4. The Conclusion/Summary It’s important to write an inspection report that effectively “sells” management on corrective actions. The following inspection report format is designed to give management useful information describing hazards and “bottom line” costs/benefits needed to justify corrective actions. 1. The Background/Introduction section briefly outlines the contents of the rest of the report and tells the reader: a. What the report is, b. Who conducted the inspection, c. Where was it was conducted, d. Why it was conducted. 2. The Findings section tells the reader the results of the inspection. It details: a. Specific hazards found, b. Underlying root causes or contributing factors that allow those hazards to exist, c. Possible accidents that may result, d. Estimated probability and severity of potential accidents, and

Report Identified Hazards Watch your language. Examples? Keep it simple. How? Reward appropriate performance. Which? How can we most effectively recognize employees for reporting hazards?

3 The Job Hazard Analysis The process... Break a job or task into specific steps. Analyze each step for specific hazardous conditions and unsafe practices. Develop preventive measures in each step to eliminate or reduce the hazards. Integrate preventive measures into training and standard operating procedures (SOP’s).

Why is it important to involve the employee in the JHA process? It’s important to write an inspection report that effectively “sells” management on corrective actions. The following inspection report format is designed to give management useful information describing hazards and “bottom line” costs/benefits needed to justify corrective actions. 1. The Background/Introduction section briefly outlines the contents of the rest of the report and tells the reader: a. What the report is, b. Who conducted the inspection, c. Where was it was conducted, d. Why it was conducted. 2. The Findings section tells the reader the results of the inspection. It details: a. Specific hazards found, b. Underlying root causes or contributing factors that allow those hazards to exist, c. Possible accidents that may result, d. Estimated probability and severity of potential accidents, and

4 The six-step process Incident/Accident Analysis What are the basic steps for conducting an accident investigation? Secure the scene Collect facts Gather Information

The six-step process What are the basic steps for conducting an accident investigation? Secure the scene Collect facts Gather Information Develop sequence Determine causes Analyze The Facts

The six-step process What are the basic steps for conducting an accident investigation? Secure the scene Collect facts Gather Information Develop sequence Determine causes Analyze The Facts Recommendations Write the report Implement Solutions

What is the purpose of the incident/accident analysis?

Be ready when accidents happen 1. Write a clear policy statement. Identify those authorized to notify outside agencies 3. Designate those responsible to investigate. 4. Train all accident investigators. 5. Establish timetables for conducting the investigation and taking corrective action. 6. Identify those who will receive the report and take corrective action.

Inspect to identify potential accidents Struck-by Struck-against Contact-by Contact-with Caught-on Caught-in Caught-between Fall-To-surface Fall-To-below Over-exertion Bodily reaction Over-exposure

Weed out the causes of injuries and accidents Direct Cause of Injury Surface Causes Root Causes

Direct Cause of injury- A harmful transfer of energy that produces injury or illness. Surface Causes of accident - Specific hazardous conditions or unsafe behaviors that result in an accident. Root Causes of the accident - Common behaviors and conditions that ultimately result in an accident.

Analyze to Determine Risk Probability Unlikely to Certain Severity Other than serious - Serious physical harm - Death -

Factors that increase risk The number of employees exposed; The frequency and duration of exposure; The proximity of employees to the point of danger; Potential severity of the injury or illness Factors that require work under stress; Factors that increase severity; Lack of proper training and supervision or improper workplace design; or Other factors which may significantly affect the degree of probability of an accident occurring.

Hazard + Exposure a Accident CONTROLLING HAZARDS Hazard + Exposure a Accident 1. Engineering Controls - design tools, equipment, machinery, materials, facilities

Hazard + Exposure a Accident 2. Management Controls - Attempt to limit exposure to hazards.

Why are engineering controls considered superior to management controls?

Control hazards with effective education and training When is it important to train employees? How do we know safety education and training has been effective?

If it isn’t in writing…it didn’t get done… DOCUMENT SAFETY TRAINING! Sample training certification for specific tasks Trainee certification Trainer certification Supervisor validation

Personal Protective Equipment What might be some of the drawbacks of reliance solely on PPE to protect workers? Interim measures

Effective Maintenance Processes Two equipment maintenance programs 1. Preventive Maintenance to make sure equipment and machinery runs safely and smoothly. 2. Corrective Maintenance to make sure equipment gets back into safe service quickly. How can we make sure corrective maintenance is completed quickly?

Hazard Tracking Procedures

Plan evaluation Team Exercise: Discuss the processes your organization uses to evaluate the safety management system.

Continual improvement Consider how the change you propose will impact elements of the safety management system.

1. Management Commitment 2. Accountability 3. Employee Involvement Safety management systems include critical elements: 1. Management Commitment 2. Accountability 3. Employee Involvement Hazard Identification and Control 5. Incident/Accident Investigation 6. Education and Training 7. Plan Evaluation

Successful change requires effective design and performance Continual feedback Adopt, abandon, or revise program as needed Plan and develop improvements Implement improvements Monitor process Plan Do Study Act What will happen if a change is not carefully designed or carried out effectively?

THE ANALYSIS WORKSHEET Team Exercise: View photos and use the worksheet below to determine hazards, system weaknesses, accident types and costs, probability/severity, corrective actions and system improvement. Hazard Analysis Worksheet Describe the Hazard: Possible Accident Type(s): Accident Cost Estimates: Risk: Recommended Corrective Action(s): Recommended System Improvement(s): Benefits:

FINAL EXAM! You must pass this test to receive credit for this class. Just follow these instructions, and answer the questions one at a time and as quickly as you can!

Think of a number from 1 to 10 Multiply that number by 9

If the number is a 2-digit number. Add the digits together. Subtract 5 from that number.

Determine which letter in the alphabet corresponds to the number you ended up with. (example: 1=a, 2=b, 3=c, etc.)

Think of a country that starts with that letter Think of a country that starts with that letter. Remember the last letter of the name of that country.

Think of the name of an animal that starts with that letter Think of the name of an animal that starts with that letter. Remember the last letter in the name of that animal.

Think of the name of a fruit that starts with that letter.

Are you thinking of a Kangaroo in Denmark eating an Orange?

If not, you're among the 2% of the population whose minds are different enough to think of something else.

Let’s Review!