Section A: Exercise and Sport Physiology 4. Energy continuum.

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Presentation transcript:

Section A: Exercise and Sport Physiology 4. Energy continuum

Syllabus The predominant energy system used related to: – The type of exercise – The interchanging between thresholds during an activity The effect of the level of fitness, availability of oxygen and food fuels, and enzyme control on energy system used

Training Effects ATP-PC System Anaerobic training OVERLOADS the system Increases the stores of ATP and PC Delays the threshold between ATP-PC and Lactic Acid system

Training Effects Lactic Acid System Anaerobic training OVERLOADS the system Increased tolerance to Lactic Acid Increases store of glycogen Prolongs lactic acid threshold

Training Effects Aerobic System Aerobic training Raised storage of glycogen Increased enzyme mobilisation Earlier use of FFAs Prolongs aerobic threshold Helps delay muscle fatigue by: – Increasing intensity of work before lactic acid too high – Faster removal of lactic acid in recovery

A threshold is the point at which one energy system is taken over by another as the predominant system for ATP resynthesis

Factors Affecting the Energy Systems Used Intensity of exercise Duration of exercise Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation (OBLA) Oxygen availability Fitness level Enzyme activation level

OBLA Higher intensity exercise Lactic acid accumulates above resting levels 4mmol/L Reach this figure the production of LA exceeds the speed of removal If intensity of exercise maintained – Lowering blood pH – Inhibit enzyme activity – Muscle fatigue / pain

Oxygen availability If sufficient supply of oxygen present – aerobic If oxygen supply falls then aerobic threshold met and LA system breaks down glucose anaerobically High int/Short dur = glucose broken down Low int/ Long dur = FFAs and glucose broken down

Enzyme Activation Level ACTIVATING FACTORENZYMEENERGY SYSTEM Increase in ADPCreatine KinasePC Decrease in PCPFKLA system Increase in adrenalin Decrease in insulin PFKAerobic

Fitness Level All to do with altering THRESHOLD Aerobically fit – Use FFA earlier and conserve Glycogen – OBLA delayed – Untrained reach this point at 50% of VO2 max – Trained reach this point at 85% of VO2 max Anaerobically fit – Increase threshold of both ATP-PC / LA systems – Increase fuel store and tolerance

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