1-) COMMA SPLICE: I did not eat enough this evening, I feel hungry. CORRECTIONS: I did not eat enough this evening [. ] I feel hungry. Note: To separate two independent clauses, you must use some form of end-stop punctuation. 2-) COMMA SPLICE: The competition is very hard, my friend will win. CORRECTIONS: The competition is very hard; however, my friend will win. Note: To join two independent clauses, you must use a coordinator.

3-) COMMA SPLICE: I had pain in my shoulder, I did not help to my mother to pick up the salon. CORRECTIONS: I had pain in my shoulder, so I did not help to my mother to pick up the salon. Note: To join two independent clauses, you must use a coordinator. 4-) COMMA SPLICE: My brother cut his carpus, my brother did not cry. CORRECTIONS: My brother cut his carpus; he did not cry. Note: To join two independent clauses, you must use a coordinator.

5-) COMMA SPLICE: I adopted a very cute new puppy, he ate my very expensive shoes. CORRECTIONS: I adopted a very cute new puppy, but he ate my very expensive shoes. Note: To join two independent clauses, you must use a coordinator. 6-) COMMA SPLICE: He said he would be late, he arrived on time. CORRECTIONS: He said he would be late, yet he arrived on time. Note: To join two independent clauses, you must use a coordinator.

7-) COMMA SPLICE: She wasn’t needed, she left. CORRECTIONS: She wasn’t needed, so she left Note: To join two independent clauses, you must use a coordinator. 8-) COMMA SPLICE: I got up early this morning, I’m sleepy. CORRECTIONS: I got up early this morning [ ; ] I’m sleepy. Note: To separate two independent clauses, you must use some form of end-stop punctuation.

9-) COMMA SPLICE: My brother cut his carpus, my brother did not cry. CORRECTIONS: My brother cut his carpus, but he did not cry. Note: To join two independent clauses, you must use a coordinator. 10-) COMMA SPLICE: He was a very smart student, he could not pass the exam. CORRECTIONS: He was a very smart student; however, he could not pass the exam. Note: To join two independent clauses, you must use a coordinator.

Definition: In run-on sentence (Fused Sentence), two or more independent clauses ‘‘run together’’ with no punctuation. - Independent clause+independent clause+independent clause Rf: The Random House Handbook, Fourth Edition.

1-) RUN-ON SENTENCE: Ismail loved swimming in the neighbor’s pool he felt the water too cold. CORRECTIONS: Run-on Sentence: Ismail loved swimming in the neighbor’s pool[.] He felt the water too cold. 2-) RUN-ON SENTENCE: I wanted to do study yesterday evening I had headache because of too much noise which came from the street. CORRECTIONS: I wanted to do study yesterday evening[.] I had headache because of too much noise which came from the street. Note: Write the two independent clauses as separate sentences using periods.

3-) RUN-ON SENTENCE: Tony is dishonest he steals hubcaps for a living. CORRECTIONS: Tony is dishonest[;]he steals hubcaps for a living. 4-) RUN-ON SENTENCE: Ismail loved swimming in the neighbor’s pool he felt the water too cold. CORRECTIONS: Run-on Sentence: Ismail loved swimming in the neighbor’s pool[;] he felt the water too cold. Note: Use a semicolon to separate the two independent clauses.

5-) RUN-ON SENTENCE: Ismail loved swimming in the neighbor’s pool he felt the water too cold. CORRECTIONS: Ismail loved swimming in the neighbor’s pool, but he felt the water too cold. 6-) RUN-ON SENTENCE: Tony is dishonest he steals hubcaps for a living. CORRECTIONS: Tony is dishonest, so he steals hubcaps for a living. Note: Use a comma and any one of the following connecting words: so, for, or, but, nor, and, yet when for means because when so means as a result

7-) RUN-ON SENTENCE: Ismail loved swimming in the neighbor’s pool he felt the water too cold. CORRECTIONS: Ismail loved swimming in the neighbor’s pool; however, he felt the water too cold. 8-) RUN-ON SENTENCE: Tony is dishonest he steals hubcaps for a living. CORRECTIONS: Tony is dishonest; therefore, he steals hubcaps for a living. Note: Use a semicolon and one of the following words: therefore, thus, however, consequently, furthermore, also, nevertheless

9-) RUN-ON SENTENCE: The Lord of the Rings is my favorite movie I love eating popcorn. CORRECTIONS: The Lord of the Rings is my favorite movie[.] I love eating popcorn. Write the two independent clauses as separate sentences using periods. 10-) RUN-ON SENTENCE: My car broke down I need to buy a new one. CORRECTIONS: My car broke down, so I need to buy a new one. Note: Use a comma and any one of the following connecting words: so, for, or, but, nor, and, yet

Definition: A list of word, phrases, or clauses should be in the same grammatical form. When the items in the list are not grammatically parallel, the error is called non-parallel structure (or faulty parallelism).

1-) NON-PARALLEL SENTENCE: I like hiking, swimming, and to ride a bicycle. CORRECTIONS: I like hiking, swimming, and riding a bicycle. Note: Use the same form of comparison words within a sentence. 2-) NON-PARALLEL SENTENCE: She was ignorance and greedy. CORRECTIONS: She was ignorant and greedy. Note: Keep nouns, adjectives and verbs constant in a descriptive list; don't mix them.

3-) NON-PARALLEL SENTENCE: The dictionary can be used for these purposes: to find word meanings, pronunciations, correct spellings, and looking up irregular verbs CORRECTIONS: The dictionary can be used for these purposes: to find word meanings, pronunciations, correct spellings, and irregular verbs. Note: Use the same form of comparison words within a sentence 4-) NON-PARALLEL SENTENCE: CORRECTIONS:

5-) NON-PARALLEL SENTENCE: My dog has warm fur, a nose that is wet, and a fluffy tail. CORRECTIONS: My dog has warm fur, a wet nose, and a fluffy tail. Note: Use the same form of comparison words within a sentence. 6-) NON-PARALLEL SENTENCE: Esra liked to study, to research, and enjoyed reading. CORRECTIONS: Esra liked to study, to research, and to read. Note: This sentence corrected by making sure that an infinitive ( ’’to’’ + a verb ) is used for each item in the list.

7-) NON-PARALLEL SENTENCE: I heard about her novel, her job and she was going to town. CORRECTIONS: I heard about her novel, her job and her trip to town. Note: Instead of 2 nouns and an adverbial clause, the correct version has its list of 3 nouns. 8-) NON-PARALLEL SENTENCE: Deniz’s details of the events were recounted correct and clearly. CORRECTIONS: Deniz’s details of the events were recounted correctly and clearly.

9-) NON-PARALLEL SENTENCE: The production manager was asked to write his report quickly, accurately, and in a detailed. CORRECTIONS: The production manager was asked to write his report quickly, accurately, and thoroughly. Note: Use the same form of comparison words within a sentence. 10-) NON-PARALLEL SENTENCE: Listening to his constant jabbering is a test of endurance and being patient. CORRECTIONS: Listening to his constant jabbering is a test of endurance and patience.

Definition: A sentence fragment fails to be a sentence in the sense that it cannot stand by itself. It does not contain even one independent clause. There are several reasons why a group of words may seem to act like a sentence but not have the wherewithal to make it as a complete thought. How to Spot a Fragment Put each phrase through a simple test:  Does it have a verb?  Does it have a subject?  Can the phrase make sense standing alone (is it a dependent clause or phrase)? Rf: Capital Community College Foundation Capital Community College Foundation

1-) SENTENCE FRAGMENT: Ran over there. CORRECTIONS: My cat ran over there. Note: The fragment sentence is missing a subject. 2-) SENTENCE FRAGMENT: Since you were not home, I left a note at your door. CORRECTIONS: I left a note at your door since you were not home. Note: The fragment is not able to stand on its own. We completed the sentence by adding more information - independent clause.

3-) SENTENCE FRAGMENT: We are going to play tennis outside today. Unless it rains. CORRECTIONS: We are going to play tennis outside today, unless it rains." or "Unless it rains, we will play tennis today. Note: "Unless it rains" makes no sense by itself, so it should be attached to a sentence. 4-) SENTENCE FRAGMENT: Samet is. CORRECTIONS: Samet is a student. Note: The fragment sentence is missing an object.

5-) SENTENCE FRAGMENT: Because he lost his car keys, he had to catch the bus home. CORRECTIONS: He had to catch the bus home because he lost his car keys. Note: The fragment is not able to stand on its own. We completed the sentence by adding more information - independent clause. 6-) SENTENCE FRAGMENT: After they finished dinner, they went to the movies. CORRECTIONS: They went to the movies after they finished dinner. Note: The fragment is not able to stand on its own. We completed the sentence by adding more information - independent clause.

7-) SENTENCE FRAGMENT: Opened the window. CORRECTIONS: The girl opened the window. Note: We can correct the fragment with adding a subject. 8-) SENTENCE FRAGMENT: The statue standing by the doorway. CORRECTIONS: The statue is standing by the doorway. Note: Add a helping verb

9-) SENTENCE FRAGMENT: The sound from the room. CORRECTIONS: The sound from the room was loud. Note: The predicate is missing in the fragment sentence. 10-) SENTENCE FRAGMENT: After Hakan bought the biology book. CORRECTIONS: After Hakan bought the biology book, he began studying for her exam. Note: The fragment is not able to stand on its own. We completed the sentence by adding more information - independent clause.

 By Richard Nordquist, About.com Guide ( run-on sentence )Richard Nordquist  sentences.html sentences.html  by Tina Blue August 11, fused-sentence-comma-splice-errors-ppt.html  SentenceErrors.pdf SentenceErrors.pdf   By Christopher Cross, eHow Contributor ( How to Avoid Nonparallel Sentences)  cit/Parallelism_in_Sentences.pdf cit/Parallelism_in_Sentences.pdf  parallel.html parallel.html 