The Renaissance & Reformation. Renaissance “Rebirth” of classical knowledge,“birth” of the modern world Spread of the Renaissance from the Italian city.

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Presentation transcript:

The Renaissance & Reformation

Renaissance “Rebirth” of classical knowledge,“birth” of the modern world Spread of the Renaissance from the Italian city states to northern Europe

Contributions of the Renaissance Accomplishments in the visual arts—Michelangelo

Accomplishments in the visual arts—Leonardo da Vinci

Accomplishments in literature (sonnets, plays, essays)—Shakespeare

Accomplishments in intellectual ideas (humanism)— Erasmus "When I get a little money I buy books; and if any is left I buy food and clothes."

Conflicts that challenged the authority of the Church in Rome Merchant wealth challenged the Church’s view of usury- interest charged on loans German and English nobility disliked Italian domination of the Church. The Church’s great political power and wealth caused conflict. Church corruption and the sale of indulgences were widespread and caused conflict.

Role of the printing press Growth of literacy was stimulated by the Gutenberg printing press. The Bible was printed in English, French, and German. These factors had an important impact on spreading the ideas of the Reformation and Renaissance

Martin Luther (the Lutheran tradition) Views—Salvation by faith alone, Bible as the ultimate authority, all humans equal before God Actions—95 theses, birth of the Protestant Church

John Calvin (the Calvinist tradition) Views—Predestination, faith revealed by living a righteous life, work ethic Actions—Expansion of the Protestant Movement

Reformation in Germany Princes in Northern Germany converted to Protestantism, ending authority of the Pope in their states. The Hapsburg family and the authority of the Holy Roman Empire continued to support the Roman Catholic Church. Conflict between Protestants and Catholics resulted in devastating wars (e.g., Thirty Years’ War).

King Henry VIII (the Anglican tradition) Views—Dismissed the authority of the Pope in Rome Actions—Divorced; broke with Rome; headed the national church in England; appropriated lands and wealth of the Roman Catholic Church in England

Queen Elizabeth I Anglican Church Tolerance for dissenters Expansion and colonialism Victory over the Spanish Armada (1588)

Reformation in England Anglican Church became a national church throughout the British Isles under Elizabeth I. The Reformation contributed to the rise of capitalism.

Reformation in France Catholic monarchy granted Protestant Huguenots freedom of worship by the Edict of Nantes (later revoked). Cardinal Richelieu changed the focus of the Thirty Years’ War from a religious to a political conflict

Catholic Counter Reformation Dissenters prior to Luther - Huss, Wycliffe The Council of Trent Reaffirmed most Church doctrine and practices. Catholic Church mounted a series of reforms and reasserted its authority. The Society of Jesus (The Jesuits) was founded to spread Catholic doctrine around the world. The Inquisition was established used to reinforce Catholic doctrine.

Changing cultural values, traditions, and philosophies Growth of secularism Growth of individualism Eventual growth of religious tolerance