Map Questions 1.How do you think the role of the Alps and the Apennines Mountains helped the development of the Roman Empire? How do you think it hindered the development? 2.How do you think Rome’s location on the Italian Peninsula helped protect the city? How do you think this location may have hurt the city?
Founding a Republic Questions Identify Elements of the geography of Italy and Rome. What is the creation story linked to Rome? Who were the early rulers of Rome and what were they like?
Chapter 7 Section 1:Founding the Roman Republic
Geography - Positive Alps to north: protection against invaders Central location in the Mediterranean – Control East and West Apennine Mountains: – Did not prevent trade
Geography - Negative Alps separate Italy from Europe Passages through the Alps Enemies could attack. Long coastlines: Italy vulnerable to naval attacks
Founding Of Rome Etruscan Monarchs: (Late 600’s BC) – Came from the North – Ruled Rome Brought written language, fine arts, paved roads, and sewers. Influenced Roman culture Built Rome into large city Romulus and Remus?
Greeks and Rome Greeks: Settled in Southern Italy and Sicily Influenced Roman religion – Same gods/myths with different names ~Jupiter – Roman ~Zeus – Gree k
Strategic Location *Rome built on 7 hills along the Tiber River. – 15 miles from the coast *Protected from sea invasion *Located at shallowest location of river. – perfect for trading
Early Roman Republic *509 BC: Roman Aristocrats overthrew Etruscan Monarchy *Established a Republic: –form of government in which voters elect officials to run the state *Only male citizens could vote
Senate *Most powerful *The Senate could… –Controlled public funds –Decided foreign policy –Emergency: could propose for a dictator. *Dictator- ruled for six-months & had total control of army and courts
Magistrates *Consuls – two elected officials who served 1 year terms *Governed with advice from senate *Consuls powers: –Ran government –commanded army –appointed dictators –Had veto power –“I Forbid”
Magistrates *Praetors – assisted the consuls –Commanded armies in times of war –Oversaw Roman legal system –Interpreted Roman law
Magistrates *Censors: Became Powerful –Registered citizens according to wealth –Appointed candidates to the Senate –Oversaw moral character of citizens
Assemblies *Made up of citizens -Voted on laws -Elected officials including the consuls -Served as courts *Elected 10 tribunes: had power over Senate. -could refuse actions of the Senate.
Conflict of the Orders *Struggle of common people to gain more rights in the Roman Republic *Rome = two classes
Patricians vs. Plebeians *Powerful, noble landowners *Controlled government *Inherited power * Majority of the population * Farmers and workers * Few rights: voted but could not hold office * Could not serve as judges * Laws: Not written down
Plebeians Gain Rights * Gained rights to: - Right to join army - hold office - form assemblies - elect tribunes * Twelve Tables – 450 B.C. - Written Roman Law placed in the Forum for all to read
Nobility in the Republic * By 342 B.C. – A plebeian always held one consul position. -Some became wealthy: considered nobles -Distinctions faded btw. two classes * Nobles controlled the Republic. -Public officials: Unpaid
The Republic Grows * By 265 B.C. Roman control- led all of Italy south of Rubicon River
Role of the Roman Army * Adult male citizens who owned land: required to serve * Strict Discipline: -enforced by soldiers themselves -Well trained with high morale
Roman Army *Legion: -Major unit of Roman Army -4,500 – 6,000 soldiers *Auxilia: -Unit of noncitizens
Ruling the Conquered *Romans ruled conquered people well -Wanted loyalty to Rome -Full citizenship to Italians -Partial citizenship to people of distant cities. ~ex. Greece
Ruling the Conquered *Conquered people expected to: -Serve in army -Provide farmland *Conquering spread: -Latin language -Roman law -Culture