Exam 3 Review – Main Topics Chapter 8 - General circulation - Hadley cell, trade winds, doldrums, ITCZ… - Semi-permanent high, low pressure cells, and monsoons - Jet stream, seasonal changes in the jet stream - Small-scale circulation patterns: land/sea breezes, valley/mountain breezes, Chinook/Santa Ana winds - ENSO – Phases and local teleconnections

Exam 3 Review – Main Topics Chapter 9 - Air masses and fronts/dry lines - Different types of air masses, how they form, and their characteristics - Different types of fronts, and the differences between them - Dry lines, and how they differ from fronts - Difficulties in identifying fronts - Difficulties in identifying fronts

Exam 3 Review – Main Topics Chapter 10 - Mid-latitude cyclones - The life cycle (3 stages), their characteristics - The causes of cyclones - The 3-D structure and their relationship to the jet stream - Preferred U.S. cyclone tracks

Exam 3 Review – Main Topics Chapter 11 - Thunderstorms - Different types of lightning, lightning safety, U.S. lightning distribution - Thunder – what is it and how does it occur - Different types of thunderstorms and their characteristics (including severe vs. non-severe) - Downbursts – what are they, how they form, their dangers to aircraft, different types - Tornadoes, how they form, their characteristics, where and when they occur

Exam 3 Review – Main Topics Chapter 11 - Thunderstorms Cont’d - Tornado classification, tornado safety - Severe t-storm/tornado watches and warnings, their characteristics, and the differences between the - Severe weather forecasting

Exam 3 Review – Main Topics Chapter 12 - Hurricanes - Hurricane formation, structure, essential ingredients, and characteristics - Where and when do hurricanes occur, and what happens at landfall and why - Hurricane/tropical storm/tropical depression classification - The destructive forces of hurricanes - Hurricane forecasts, trends in hurricane activity

Exam 3 Review – Main Topics Chapter 13 - Weather Analysis and Forecasting - National Weather Service and their forecast products - Forecasts vs. nowcasts - Deterministic vs. probabilistic forecasting - Deterministic vs. probabilistic forecasting - Why do weather forecasts go wrong? - Human vs. computer forecasts