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Presentation transcript:

Change Control

Change control board 1 The authority of the change control board may vary from project to project, but decisions reached by the change control board are often accepted as final and binding

Change control board 1 A typical change control board consists of the development manager, the test lead and a product manager. In few of the cases the client representation is also done in CCB to ensure the acceptance of the deliverable.

Change control 1 Change control within quality management systems (QMS) and information technology (IT) systems is a formal process used to ensure that changes to a product or system are introduced in a controlled and coordinated manner.

Change control 1 The goals of a change control procedure usually include minimal disruption to services, reduction in back-out activities, and cost-effective utilization of resources involved in implementing change.

Change control 1 Change control is currently used in a wide variety of products and systems.

Change control 1 Certain portions of the Information Technology Infrastructure Library cover change control.

Change control - The process 1 There is considerable overlap and confusion between change management, configuration management and change control.

Change control - Record/classify 1 The client initiates change by making a formal request for something to be changed. The change control team then records and categorizes that request. This categorization would include estimates of importance, impact, and complexity..

Change control - Assess 1 If the change requires more than one type of assessment, the head of the change control team will consolidate these

Tax haven - Money and exchange control 1 Most tax havens have a double monetary control system which distinguish residents from non-resident as well as foreign currency from the domestic one. In general, residents are subject to monetary controls but not non-residents. A company, belonging to a non-resident, when trading overseas is seen as non-resident in terms of exchange control.

Tax haven - Money and exchange control 1 It is possible for a foreigner to create a company in a tax haven to trade internationally; the company’s operations will not be subject to exchange controls as long as it uses foreign currency to trade outside the tax haven.

Non-tariff barriers to trade - Foreign exchange restrictions and foreign exchange controls 1 Foreign exchange restrictions and foreign exchange controls occupy a special place among the non-tariff regulatory instruments of foreign economic activity. Foreign exchange restrictions constitute the regulation of transactions of residents and nonresidents with currency and other currency values. Also an important part of the mechanism of control of foreign economic activity is the establishment of the national currency against foreign currencies.

Foreign exchange controls 1 'Foreign exchange controls' are various forms of controls imposed by a government on the purchase/sale of foreign currency|currencies by residents or on the purchase/sale of local currency by nonresidents.

Foreign exchange controls 1 Common foreign exchange controls include:

Foreign exchange controls 1 Countries with foreign exchange controls are also known as Article 14 countries, after the provision in the International Monetary Fund agreement allowing exchange controls for transitional economies. Such controls used to be common in most countries, particularly poorer ones, until the 1990s when free trade and globalization started a trend towards economic liberalization. Today, countries which still impose exchange controls are the exception rather than the rule.

Foreign exchange controls 1 Often, foreign exchange controls can result in the creation of black markets to exchange the weaker currency for stronger currencies. This leads to a situation where the exchange rate for the foreign currency is much higher than the rate set by the government, and therefore creates a shadow currency exchange market. As such, it is unclear whether governments have the ability to enact effective exchange controls.

Foreign exchange controls - Current countries with foreign exchange controls 1 **Theoretically speaking, exchange controls were abolished in 1994, but the rules still state that repatriation of foreign investment and the profits from it is subject to proof of the origin of the money, and subject to payment of any outstanding Mauritian taxes.

Chinese financial system - Currency and foreign exchange control 1 The Renminbi is issued and controlled solely by the People's Bank of China. RMB exchange rates are decided by the People's Bank of China and issued by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, the latter exercising the functions and powers of exchange control.

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