The French and Indian War

Check the Chart  According to the “Contending for a Continent Chart” in America which country has the upper hand? Why?  What problem do you see arising between these two Empires?

Starting the War  Britain v. Spain / France  War to control Atlantic trade routes  British and Colonist relations Continued enforcement of Navigation Acts Continued enforcement of Navigation Acts Crackdown on colonial smuggling Crackdown on colonial smuggling Colonial frustration after King George’s War Colonial frustration after King George’s War  Unification of the States “Join or Die” “Join or Die”

Outbreak of Hostilities  Westward Expansion English settlers move into Ohio River Valley English settlers move into Ohio River Valley France pushes back by building forts along the Ohio (Ft. Duquesne) France pushes back by building forts along the Ohio (Ft. Duquesne)  Conflict at Fort Duquesne George Washington (21 yrs. old) George Washington (21 yrs. old) British forces approach the fort British forces approach the fort Battle ensues Battle ensues Washington is captured and hostilities begin Washington is captured and hostilities begin

Iroquois Decision  Take the role of the Iroquois nation  You are stuck geographically in this war  You can make one of four decisions 1. Join the French forces to defeat the British 2. Join the British forces to defeat the French 3. Stay neutral and not support either 4. Play both sides and support both  Which one would you choose and why?

Early French Victories  Battle at Fort Duquesne (1755) General Braddock – English and American forces march to the fort General Braddock – English and American forces march to the fort Meet French forces Meet French forces British/American forced to retreat British/American forced to retreat Most Native tribes side with France Most Native tribes side with France  French Victories Fort William Henry (1756) Fort William Henry (1756) Fort Ticonderoga (1758) Fort Ticonderoga (1758)

Iroquois Nation Turns the Tide  William Pitt English Secretary of State English Secretary of State Troops surge in the Americas Troops surge in the Americas  Britain wins a series of victories Fort Frontenac (1758) Fort Frontenac (1758) Fort Niagara (1759) Fort Niagara (1759) Quebec (1759) Quebec (1759) Montreal (1760) Montreal (1760)  Iroquois side with the British

Ending the War  Treaty of Paris (1763) Britain obtains all land East of Mississippi Britain obtains all land East of Mississippi West of Mississippi controlled by Spanish West of Mississippi controlled by Spanish Spanish Florida seceded to the British Spanish Florida seceded to the British  Biggest Losers Native American Tribes Native American Tribes British monopoly on trade British monopoly on trade  Proclamation Line of 1763 Racial boundary along Appalachian Mtns. Racial boundary along Appalachian Mtns.

New Problems  Proclamation of 1763 Couldn’t be enforced Couldn’t be enforced Outraged the colonists Outraged the colonists  Wartime Boom Post-war Debt Military contracts = boom Military contracts = boom Expenses in life and treasure = debt Expenses in life and treasure = debt Leaving military = depression Leaving military = depression  Foddering the Revolution American military experience American military experience Local government autonomy Local government autonomy