Enzyme Action Learning objective: to describe different models for enzyme action and to investigate factors which control the rate of an enzyme reaction.

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Enzyme Action Learning objective: to describe different models for enzyme action and to investigate factors which control the rate of an enzyme reaction.

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Presentation transcript:

Enzyme Action Learning objective: to describe different models for enzyme action and to investigate factors which control the rate of an enzyme reaction 18 th October

Lock and Key Active Site

YES ….this is an enzyme molecule --- VERY COMPLEX BUT …..it only is shaped for ONE SUBSTRATE enzyme animation

Exceptions to Lock and Key However certain substances can bind to the enzyme at sites other than the Active site and modify its activity (inhibitors/co-factors) Idea that the enzyme is flexible

Induced Fit

Enzyme reactions enzyme + substrateenzyme-substrate complex

Enzyme reactions enzyme + substrateenzyme-substrate complex E +S ES

Enzyme reactions enzyme + product enzyme-substrate complex E +PES enzyme + substrateenzyme-substrate complex E +S ES Catabolic – breaking apart

THERE ARE ALSO ENZYMES that BUILD substrates as well as take substrates apart as you have seen … Anabolic - building up / combining

Enzyme activity How fast an enzyme is working Rate of Reaction

Enzyme activity How fast an enzyme is working Rate of Reaction Rate of Reaction = Amount of substrate changed (or amount product formed) in a given period of time.

Rate of Reaction Enzyme activity Variable you are looking at

Enzyme activity Four Variables

Enzyme activity Four Variables Temperature pH Enzyme Concentration Substrate Concentration

Rate of Reaction Temperature

Rate of Reaction Temperature

Rate of Reaction Temperature o C - denatures o C Increase in Activity <5 o C - inactive

Effect of heat on enzyme activty If you heat the protein above its optimal temperature bonds break meaning the protein loses it secondary and tertiary structure

Effect of heat on enzyme activty Denaturing the protein

Effect of heat on enzyme activty Denaturing the protein ACTIVE SITE CHANGES SHAPE SO SUBSTRATE NO LONGER FITS Even if temperature lowered – enzyme can’t regain its correct shape

Rate of Reaction pH

Rate of Reaction pH

Rate of Reaction pH Narrow pH optima

Rate of Reaction pH Narrow pH optima WHY?

Rate of Reaction pH Narrow pH optima Disrupt Ionic bonds - Structure Effect charged residues at active site

Rate of Reaction Enzyme Concentration

Rate of Reaction Enzyme Concentration

Rate of Reaction Substrate Concentration

Rate of Reaction Substrate Concentration

Rate of Reaction Substrate Concentration Active sites full- maximum turnover