WWhat are the 4 types of organic compounds? ›P›Proteins ›L›Lipids ›C›Carbohydrates ›N›Nucleic Acids WWhat do Proteins breakdown into? ›A›Amino Acids WWhat do Carbohydrates breakdown into? ›G›Glucose or simple sugars

Proteins that act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions

Synthesis +  +

+  +

subunits make up ORGANIC COMPOUNDS A string of glucose or  CARBOHYDRATE simple sugars or STARCH A string of amino acids  PROTEINS

 Identify many enzymes by the suffix –ase : › helicase (unzips DNA) › lactase (breaks down lactose) › peptidyl transferase (forms peptide bonds in polypeptides)

The material that the enzyme works on. (The starting material)

The special fold in the enzyme where the reaction happens. SHAPE MATTERS!!!

 While the enzyme and the substrate are joined, the enzyme converts the substrate to the products.  DIGESTION: Enzymes help to break the substrate down into smaller parts  SYNTHESIS: Enzymes build organic compounds from smaller subunits

 Temperature  pH These factors denature the enzyme (change its shape)!

 Rate of Enzyme Activity is influenced by: › Temperature (higher temperature = more activity until the enzyme’s protein denatures)  OPTIMAL temperature: temperature at which the enzyme works the best

 Rate of Enzyme Activity is influenced by: › pH (usually in range of 6-8 for humans) › Inhibitors (reduce activity by binding or changing shape of active sites) Acidic Stomach