Warm up 12/2 1.What is the mass (amu) of H 2 O? 2.What is the mass (amu) of 2Al(OH) 3 ? 3.What are the substances on the left of a chemical equation called? On the right?

Types Of Chemical Reactions

FOUR BASIC WAYS TO CLASSIFY CHEMICAL REACTIONS: 1.Synthesis 2.Decomposition 3.Single-Replacement 4.Double-Replacement

Synthesis Reactions: A synthesis reaction generally follows this equation: X + Y-->XY In this equation, X and Y can be compounds or elements. The result XY is a compound.

Examples of Synthesis Reactions: 2Ba + O 2 -->2BaO 4Cu + O 2 -->2Cu 2 O 2Cu + O 2 -->2CuO 2H 2 + O 2 -->2H 2 O C + O 2 -->CO 2 2Na + Cl 2 -->2NaCl 2

Decomposition Reactions: In a decomposition reaction, an element or compound is broken down into two simpler substances. The general formula of a decomposition reaction is: XY --> X + Y Decomposition reactions are the opposite of synthesis reactions.

Examples of Decomposition Reactions: 2HgO --> 2Hg + O 2 2H 2 O --> 2H 2 + O 2 CaCO 3 --> CaO + CO 2 Cu(OH) 2 --> CuO + H 2 O 2KClO 3 --> 2KCl + 3O 2 H 2 SO 4 --> SO 3 + H 2 O

Single Replacement Reactions: In this type of reaction, one element replaces a similar element in a compound. There are two general equations for single-replacement reactions. They are: A + XY --> AY + X A + XY --> XA + Y In this equation, A, X, and Y are the elements and XY, AY, and XA are the compounds.

Examples of Single Replacement Reactions: 2Al + 3Fe(NO 3 ) 2 --> 3Fe + 2Al(NO 3 ) 3 2Na + 2H 2 O --> 2NaOH + H 2 3Fe + 4H 2 O --> Fe 3 O 4 + 4H 2 Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl 2 + H 2 Cl 2 + 2KBr --> 2KCl + Br 2

Double-Replacement Reactions: In a double-replacement reaction, the two compounds exchange places in a solution to form two new compounds. The general equation of a double- replacement reaction is: AB + XY --> AY + BX

Examples of Double- Replacement Reactions: Pb(NO 3 ) 2 + 2KI --> PbI 2 + 2KNO 3 FeS + 2HCl --> H 2 S + FeCl 2 HCl + NaOH --> NaCl + H 2 O

Chemical Reactions A chemical change is any change in which a new substance is formed. Evidence: Release of energy as heat and light, change in color, formation of gas, change in odor, etc.

Chemical Reactions synthesis: A + B  C decomposition: AB  A + B single displacement: A + BC  AC + B double displacement: AB + CD  AD + CB

Types: Synthesis Example C + O 2 OO C +  OO C OO C OO C O O C O O C O O C O O C O O C O O C O O C O O C O O C O O C O O C O O C General: A + B  AB

Types: Decomposition Example: NaCl General: AB  A + B  Cl Na Cl + Na

Types: Decomposition Example 2HgO  O Hg O OO + General: AB  A + B

Types: Single displacement Example: Zn + CuCl 2  Zn Cl Cu + General: AB + C  AC + B Cl Zn Cu +

Types: Double displacement Example: MgO + CaS General:AB + CD  AD + CB S O  Mg Ca + O S Mg Ca +

Chemical Reactions Exothermic Reaction- a reaction that transfers energy (heat) from the reactants to the nearby surrounding. The result is an increase in heat. Endothermic Reactions- a reaction that causes an absorption of heat. This results in a decrease in temperature.

H 2 SO 4 --> SO 3 + H 2 O 2Al + 3Fe(NO 3 ) 2 --> 3Fe + 2Al(NO 3 ) 3 2Na + Cl 2 -->2NaCl 2 FeS + 2HCl --> H 2 S + FeCl 2 2HgO --> 2Hg + O 2 Cu(OH) 2 --> CuO + H 2 O 2KClO 3 --> 2KCl + 3O 2 2Ba + O 2 -->2BaO 3Fe + 4H 2 O --> Fe 3 O 4 + 4H 2 HCl + NaOH --> NaCl + H 2 O 4Cu + O 2 -->2Cu 2 O Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl 2 + H 2 2Cu + O 2 -->2CuO

Law of Conservation of Mass In chemical and physical changes, the total mass of matter stays the same before and after a change. Matter changes from one form to another, but the total mass stays the same. MASS CANNOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED

Determine the correct coefficient Ca + ___ HCl --> CaCl 2 + H 2

Identify the type of reaction Ca + 2 HCl --> CaCl 2 + H 2 a. Synthesis reaction b. Decomposition reaction c. Single replacement reaction d. Double replacement reaction

Determine the correct coefficient __ Cu + S 8 --> 8 CuS

Identify the type of reaction 8 Cu + S 8 --> 8 CuS a. Synthesis reaction b. Decomposition reaction c. Single replacement reaction d. Combustion reaction

Determine the correct coefficient BaCO 3 --> BaO + ___CO 2

Identify the type of reaction BaCO 3 --> BaO + CO 2 a.Decomposition reaction b. Single replacement reaction c. Double replacement reaction d. Combustion reaction

Determine the correct coefficient H 2 CO 3 --> H 2 O + __CO 2

Identify the type of reaction H 2 CO 3 --> H 2 O + CO 2 a. Decomposition reaction b. Single replacement reaction c. Double replacement reaction d. Combustion reaction

Determine the correct coefficient 2 C 6 H O 2 --> ___ CO H 2 O

Identify the type of reaction 2 C 6 H O 2 --> 12 CO H 2 O a. Decomposition reaction b. Single replacement reaction c. Double replacement reaction d. Combustion reaction

Determine the correct coefficient Cu(OH) HC 2 H 3 O 2 --> Cu(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 + __ H 2 O

Identify the type of reaction Cu(OH) HC 2 H 3 O 2 --> Cu(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) H 2 O a. Decomposition reaction b. Single replacement reaction c. Double replacement reaction d. Combustion reaction

Mixed Practice State the type and balance the following reactions: 1.BaCl 2 + H 2 SO 4  2.C 6 H 12 + O 2  3.Zn + CuSO 4  4.Cs + Br 2  5.FeCO 3 

Balancing Equations __C 6 H 6 + __O 2 __ H 2 O + __ CO 2 __NaI + __Pb(SO 4 ) 2 __PbI 4 + __Na 2 SO 4 __NH 3 + __O 2 __ NO + __ H 2 O

1. Analyze the above graphs describing the populations of two organisms. What can you say about each of these organisms? 2. Which type of organism would be most likely to survive if the water temperature dropped from 20 0 C to 15 0 C over a period of time? Explain your answer.