Chemical reactions Synthesis. 1

Voice over Molecular naming conventions Every chemical element has its own name. They are sometimes based on the first letter. H for Hydrogen O for Oxygen Sometimes the letters have nothing to do with the element. Au Gold

Voice-over text A molecule is when different elements are bonded together.

Concept map A synthesis reaction or direct combination reaction is one of the most common types of chemical reactions. In a synthesis reaction two or more chemical species combine to form a more complex product. Atoms have neutron and Valency Electron Proton Atoms

Dumping ground In the simplest view of a so-called 'covalent' bond, one or more electrons (often a pair of electrons) are drawn into the space between the two atomic nuclei. Here the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positive charges of both nuclei, instead of just their own. This overcomes the repulsion between the two positively charged nuclei of the two atoms, and so this overwhelming attraction holds the two nuclei in a fixed configuration of equilibrium, even though they will still vibrate at equilibrium position. In summary, covalent bonding involves sharing of electrons in which the positively charged nuclei of two or more atoms simultaneously attract the negatively charged electrons that are being shared. In a polar covalent bond, one or more electrons are unequally shared between two nuclei.'covalent' bondpolar covalent bond

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H

Hy

Hyd

Hydr

Hydro

Hydrog

Hydroge

Hydrogen

h

hy

Hydrogen hyd

Hydrogen hydr

Hydrogen hydro

Hydrogen hydrogeno

Hydrogen hydrogenox

Hydrogen hydrogenoxy

Hydrogen hydrogenoxyg

Hydrogen hydrogenoxyge

Hydrogen hydrogenoxygen

water In the end this is water also known as H2o. H2o is 2 hydrogen’s and 1 oxygen’s.