USA helps to end World War I In 1917, America has population of 90 million people 1917 USA military had only 160,000 men They needed to find 2,000,000 more!!!

Review What was America (the global stance) view of the rest of the world? What are two reasons that America had for going to war? What was the Zimmerman telegram? Who wrote the letter and received the letter?

Meet America’s World War I Leader 1917 President; Woodrow Wilson 28 th president of the United States Former president of Princeton University

Pres. Wilson Begins Conscription Conscription means that you are Forced to join the military 2.8 million U.S. men conscripted to WWI (200,000 men – almost 4 million) Almost 80% of U.S. soldiers were forced to join WWI

* More than a 2 million American men were sent overseas to fight in World War I. * 52,000 Americans died in battle. 60,000 died of illness such as pneumonia and influenza. Newly drafted U.S. Soldiers leaving for France To finish WW I

Germany Collapses ~Balance of Power Shifts~ Allied forces with America become offensive Allies & Americans, within months, overwhelm the Germans on Western Front…Germany surrenders.

Armistice Day War Ends: November 11 th, 1919 the 11 th month, the 11 th day, at 11:00pm Kaiser Wilhelm (king of Germany) is forced to step down Armistice: agreement to end fighting Time for a settlement of Peace: Four Leaders Meet! 5 th Ave., New York City

Understanding Death of WW I

Monetary Cost of War Allied and Associated Powers: United States : $ 22,625,253,000 Great Britain 35,334,012,000 British Dominions and Colonies: Canada 1,665,576,000 Australia 1,423,208,000 New Zealand 378,750,000 India 601,279,000 Union of South Africa 300,000,000 Colonies 125,000,000 France 24,265,583,000 Russia 22,593,950,000 Italy : 12,413,998,000 Belgium : 1,154,468,000 Rumania 1,600,000,000 Japan 40,000,000 Serbia : 399,400,000 Greece 270,000,000 Other Allied countries 500,000,000 Total : $125,690,477,000

Treaty of Versailles A Flawed Peace MAIN IDEA: After winning the war, the Allies dictated a harsh peace settlement that left nations feeling betrayed.

-Treaty of Versailles- World War I is over, the killing has ceased. January 18, 1919, a conference was built at the Palace of Versailles. –The Allied powers, the victors of WWI, meet to clean up the war mess.

Meeting at Versailles Paris Peace Conference –Delegates representing 32 countries –Major decisions were made by the Big Four: Woodrow Wilson (U.S.) Georges Clemenceau (France) David Lloyd George (Great Britain) Vittorio Orlando (Italy)

Woodrow Wilson What did America Want? Woodrow Wilson wanted the treaty to be based on his Fourteen Points He believed Germany should be punished but not severely. Wilson wanted to set up an international organisation called The League of Nations which would settle world disputes ***The American public did not support him. They were fed up with involvement in European affairs. The USA became more isolationist.

Woodrow’s Plan Called the Fourteen Points Woodrow proposed his Fourteen Points –Outlined a plan for maintaining peace –Proposed the following points: 1st Point: End all secret treaties 2 nd Point: Freedom of the Seas 3 rd Point: Free trade 4 th Point: Reduce national armies (trying to stop militarism) 5 th Point: Colonial Fairness (trying to stop harsh imperialism) 6 th -13 th Points: Rearranging borders (self-determination) 14 th Point: Create a general association of nations that would negotiate solutions to world conflicts

Everyone Unsatisfied with Wilson’s plan England & France thought Wilson’s plan was too nice; that it lacked punishment against Germany!!

What did France want from the treaty? Security Revenge Reparations (payments for war) Clemenceau Clemenceau wanted to make sure that Germany could not invade France in the future. He was determined that Germany should be made to pay for the damage that had been caused invading German troops.

David Lloyd-George German punish: Reparations German military reduction Formal acceptance of blame for war What did Britain Want?

Everyone Rejects Wilson’s Points Settle of Treaty of Versailles New guidelines of Peace are arranged by only FRANCE & ENGLAND New treaty is VERY harsh to Germany! Wilson’s 14 points are not used at all!

What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles? To do with Germany’s armed forces : The German army was to be reduced to 100,000 men. It was not allowed to have tanks. Germany was not allowed an airforce The area known as the Rhineland was to be de- militarised The Allies were to occupy the west bank of the Rhine for fifteen years The German navy was to have no submarines or large battle-ships

100,000 De-militarised The Military Clauses

"The Allied and Associated Governments affirm, and Germany accepts, the responsibility of Germany and her Allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associate Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of a war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her Allies." Article 231 The War Guilt Clause GERMANY ACCEPTED RESPONSIBILITY FOR STARTING THE WAR

Treaty of Versailles reforms Europe with new nations! The Treaty of Versailles also broke up old nations in Europe Austria-Hungary is broken up into five new nations Germany forced to give territory to France & allow Poland to become a nation

The Great War was to see the collapse of four continental empires. These were to be replaced by new nation states.

THE TERMS OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES 1919 WAR GUILT CLAUSE GERMAN NATIONAL TERRITORY GERMANY’S MILITARY FORCES REDUCED GERMAN OVERSEAS TERRITORRIES NO UNION WITH AUSTRIA REPARATIONS Germany had to accept blame for starting WW1 - Army restricted to 100,000 men. - No modern weapons such as tanks, military air force. - Navy could not have battle ships over 10,000 tons and no U-Boats. - Germany lost national territory which was given to Belgium and Denmark, most went to Poland. Germany lost Chinese ports [Amoy and Tsingtao], Pacific Islands, and African colonies [Tanganika and German SW Africa]. RHINELAND TO BE DE-MILITARISED Germany forced to pay massive fine for war damages - 1,000,000,000 Marks (6.6bn pounds). The Treaty was designed to cripple Germany militarily, territorially and economically

‘Perhaps it would gee-up better if we let it touch earth.’ A British newspaper cartoon, by David Low. Briand, French Prime Minister SOURCE WORK: 1) First, describe the storyline shown in the cartoon. 2) Then, relate the political message intended by the cartoonist – what does the horse represent, what does the cart represent, why is it stuck in the air, who are the two men, why is one carrying a whip and one a shovel – what is the political message ? Lloyd-George, British Prime Minister What is this referring to? What does the horse represent? Why is the cart up- ended? What is meant by the caption? Why is Lloyd-George holding a shovel? Why is Briand holding a whip? Why is a shovel left here? ‘Perhaps it would gee-up better if we let it touch earth.’