Weighted Slotted RuleML for Similarity Matching in AgentMatcher Information Agents Harold Boley, NRC IIT e-Business Virendra Bhavsar, UNB, Faculty of Computer Science 2 November 2002 Revised: 26 February 2005

26-Feb-05 RuleML Slotted RuleML Via the Name-Giving Metarole slot (I) Here is a self-explaining 'metarole' (slot) representation of the slotted, RDF-like Jess fact (automobile (make Ford) (model Explorer) (year 1999)) in Object-Oriented (OO) RuleML – part of RuleML 0.88 – with user slots named via the first subelement: automobile make Ford model Explorer year 1999

26-Feb-05 RuleML Slotted RuleML Via the Name-Giving Metarole slot (II) This 'Slotted RuleML' notation corresponds to the 'positionalized' ruleml-datalog notation automobile Ford Explorer 1999 if the 'roles' of the make, model, and year positions are remembered somewhere else (signature declaration)

26-Feb-05 RuleML Slotted RuleML Via the Name-Giving Metarole slot (III) Note that a mix of an ordered sequence of args and role-unordered args will thus be possible in facts as well: automobile Ford Explorer 1999 mileage color white Also, Ind elements can be replaced by (typed) Var elements in all of the positional, slotted and mixed notations

26-Feb-05 RuleML Extending Slotted RuleML for Weighted AgentMatcher Keyphrases AgentMatcher’s weighted keyphrases as Jess-like role-weighted fact: (automobile (make 0.7 Ford) (model 0.1 Explorer) (year )) Weighted Object-Oriented (WOO) RuleML – part of RuleML 0.88 – extends user slots by an XML attribute for such weights: automobile make Ford model Explorer year 1999

26-Feb-05 RuleML Role-Weighted Slotted RuleML Queries for AgentMatcher Similarity Matching AgentMatcher agent can then use a Jess-like role-weighted query: (automobile (make 0.5 Ford) (model 0.1 Explorer) (year 0.4 Y)) RuleML 0.88 can use a corresponding query, and similarity matching with the above fact succeeds, binding Y = 1999: automobile make Ford model Explorer year Y

26-Feb-05 RuleML Flat Feature Terms in Slotted RuleML The minimal 'metarole' (slot) representation of the slotted, RDF-like (untyped) feature term, similar to F-logic term, auto[make -> Ford; model -> Explorer; year -> 1999] in RuleML 0.88 with user slots named via the first subelement: auto make Ford model Explorer year 1999 Can also be used as an argument in facts

26-Feb-05 RuleML Nested Feature Terms in Slotted RuleML The representation of the nested (untyped) feature term vehicle[winter -> auto[make -> Ford; model -> Explorer; year -> 1999] summer -> cycle[make -> Honda; model -> Magna; year -> 2002]] in RuleML 0.88 with user slots named via the first subelement: vehicle winter auto make Ford model Explorer year 1999 summer cycle make Honda model Magna year 2002

26-Feb-05 RuleML Flat Weighted Feature Terms in Slotted RuleML for AgentMatcher Keyphrases Representation of AgentMatcher’s weights in an extended feature term: auto[make -0.7-> Ford; model -0.1-> Explorer; year -0.2-> 1999] RuleML 0.88 user slots can again be extended by an XML attribute for capturing weights: auto make Ford model Explorer year 1999 Can also be used as an argument in facts

26-Feb-05 RuleML Nested Weighted Feature Terms in Slotted RuleML for AgentMatcher Trees Representation of AgentMatcher’s weights in a nested feature term: vehicle[winter -0.6-> auto[make -0.7-> Ford; model -0.1-> Explorer; year -0.2-> 1999] summer -0.4-> cycle[make -0.5-> Honda; model -0.2-> Magna; year -0.3-> 2002]] RuleML 0.88 with the XML attribute for capturing weights: vehicle winter auto make Ford model Explorer year 1999 summer cycle make Honda model Magna year 2002