Electricity Notes

Electrical charge and static electricity Atoms are made of charges, _____________________. These charges exert forces. (They push ________and pull ____________). ____________________: like charges repel (push apart) and unlike charges attract (pull toward each other).

(1) ATTRACT OR (2) REPEL a.Two positive charges b.Two negative charges c.A negative and a positive charge d. + - e. + + f. - -

Electric field is the _________ around ONE charge that would affect another charge within it. Electric force is the push or pull ___________ two charges. The amount of the force is based on the size of the charges and the distance.

Charge it! Atoms usually are __________ (no charge) because they have an equal number of protons and electrons which cancel each other out. However, atoms can lose _________ and become ______________ charged. (Only electrons move, not protons or neutrons)

a.Electric field b.Electric force c. Neutral charge d.Positive charge e.Negative charge 1. An atom’s charge when it loses electrons 2. An atom usually has this type of charge 3. An atom’s charge when it gains electrons 4. The push or pull between two charges 5. The area around an object with an electric charge

a.Electric field b.Electric force c. Neutral charge d.Positive charge e.Negative charge

How to charge an object There are three ways to charge an object. 1)__________ – rubbing two things together results in electrons moving from one object to the other. 2)_____________ – transfer of electrons by touch (similar to thermal conduction) 3)_____________ – a negatively charged object approaches a neutral object making all the negative particles push away atic_Electricity

How do we know something is charged? An ___________ shows whether something is charged by drawing the same charges from the metal and making the metal leaves spread apart __________.

(1) Conduction (2) Friction (3) Induction A B C Charging an object by rubbing it against another object so that electrons move from one to the other Charging an object by touching to another object so that electrons transfer. Bringing a charged object near an uncharged object so that the like charges are repelled and the uncharged object becomes charged.

(1) Conduction (2) Friction (3) Induction A B C

Moving charges Some materials conduct electricity meaning they allow charges to _____________through them, these are called ____________. - Conductors are used for _________. - Water is a conductor (unless it is distilled) - We also have to guard against materials that will allow ___________ to flow through them if it isn’t something we want.

Insulators are materials in which charges cannot easily move. Such as:

(1) Conductor or (2) Insulator 1)Plastic water bottle 2)Metal hinge 3)Basketball 4)Lead 5)Stapler 6)Wooden pencil 7)Paper airplane

(1) Conductor or (2) Insulator AB c D E

Static Electricity _______________is the buildup of charges on an object. It is called _________because it is not moving. ______________– eventually static electricity leaves an object. We call this electric ______________. It can occur slowly or quickly, as in electrical shock. ltage

A __________is a device that produces an electric current by converting chemical energy into electrical energy. A _________ is made of several cells. Batteries use DC or direct current which moves in one direction. A _______ cell converts a _________ In to electrical energy.

_____________ is the part of a solar panel that converts light into electrical energy.

A.Static electricity B.Electrical discharge C.Cell D.Photocell 1.Converts chemical energy into electrical energy 2.Electric shock- when charges leave one object for another less charged object 3.The build up of charges on an object 4.Converts light energy into electrical energy

Electric current ___________ is the rate at which charges pass a certain point. Our homes use _______ or ____________________where the charges continually switch from one direction to the other. Voltage may vary. In the US we use 120V

Resistance ______________ is the opposition to the flow of electrical charge. It is a type of “electrical friction“. RESULTS IN _____________!

A.Electric current B.Static electricity C.Resistance 1.The result when charges build up but do not move. 2.The result when charges are opposed (slow down) 3.The result when charges move pass a certain point