1. Acidus – meaning sour or tart 2. Feels like water 3. Litmus Paper – red 4. Conducts electricity 5. Reactive with metals 6. React with bases to form.

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Presentation transcript:

1. Acidus – meaning sour or tart 2. Feels like water 3. Litmus Paper – red 4. Conducts electricity 5. Reactive with metals 6. React with bases to form a salt and water

1. Bitter taste 2. Feels smooth and slippery (soap) 3. Litmus Paper – Blue 4. Conducts electricity 5. Not reactive with metals 6. React with acids to form a salt and water

Common Acids FormulaName HClHydrochloric acid HNO 3 Nitric Acid H 2 SO 4 Sulfuric Acid HC 2 H 3 O 2 Acetic Acid H 2 CO 3 Carbonic Acid H 3 PO 4 Phosphoric Acid

FormulaName Na(OH)Sodium Hydroxide K(OH)Potassium Hydroxide Mg(OH) 2 Magnesium Hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 Calcium Hydroxide Sr(OH) 2 Strontium Hydroxide

H+H+ H3O+H3O+ OH -

 Acid: substance that produces hydrogen ions (H + ) or hydronium ions (H 3 O + ) in water H + = H 3 O + THEY ARE THE SAME THING!! Example: HCl + H 2 O  Cl - + H 3 O +

Base: substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH - ) in water Example: Na(OH)  Na + + (OH) -

 monoprotic acid : acid that can donate only one proton (hydrogen ion) per molecule. ◦ Example: HCl, HNO 3  polyprotic acid : acid that can donate more than one proton per molecule. ◦ Examples: H 2 SO 4 - diprotic H 3 PO 4 - triprotic

Experiments have shown that pure water, at 25°, breaks apart (ionizes) : H H 2 0 H OH - To measure the concentration of these ions produced we use pH

NEUTRAL pH [ H + ]=10 -7 M=[OH - ] pH = AcidicBasic More basicMore acidic

pH: scale used to indicate the [H + ] of a water solution pH - from the Danish: “power of Hydrogen” pH = - log [H + ] or pH = - log [H 3 O + ]

 The log function converts the exponents with a base of 10 to a whole number.  The negative sign at the front of the equation cancels out with the negative sign in the exponent. [H + ]: pH :

[H + ] ConcentrationpH Acid, Base, or Neutral? Acid

Acids/ bases Oven cleaner Hair remover Detergent Coffee Soda

 neutralization: when an acidic solution (with hydrogen ions) and a basic solution (with hydroxide ions) react to form water  salt: an ionic compound formed from the cation of a base and an anion of an acid. forms water forms salt

 A solution that resists changes in pH ◦ What are some solutions that need to maintain a certain pH level?

 NO, NO 2, CO 2, SO 2, and SO 3 are gases from industrial processes that dissolve in atmospheric water to produce acidic solutions. ◦ Example:  Very acidic rain is known as acid rain.