Properties of Matter
Warm Up How do the arrangement and behavior of particles of matter differ in solids, liquids, and gases?
What is Matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
Solids Has a rigid, definite shape The atoms, ions, or molecules that make up a solid are fixed in place
Liquids Has an indefinite shape Is flowing matter with definite volume Takes the shape of its container Particles of a liquid can move and easily glide over each other
Gas Has no definite shape Has no definite volume Is compressible matter Particles of gas are much farther apart and are easily pushed together
Matter Pure Substances CompoundsElements Mixtures HomogeneousHeterogeneous
Physical Properties Observed or measured without changing the composition of matter. Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter.
Physical Properties can be… Extensive Dependent on the amount of matter there is. Mass Weight Volume Length Intensive Do NOT depend on the amount of matter present. Color Boiling Point Melting Point Temperature Density Brittleness Viscosity
Chemical Properties What happens when a substance undergoes a chemical reaction. Examples: Flammability acidic and basic oxidation radioactivity
Physical Change o DOES NOT produce a new substance. o Changes the physical appearance but not its identity. o Phase changes ARE physical changes!!!
Chemical Change o process by which a substance becomes a new and different substance. (AKA Chemical Reaction) Example: Reaction of sulfuric acid and sugar. The acid dehydrates the sugar forming a pillar of carbon (black) and steam.
“Can this change be reversed?” Yes- physical change No- chemical change
Indicators of a Chemical Change Gas is produced Light is produced A solid (precipitate) is formed from 2 liquids Temperature change Permanent color change
Temperature Change Exothermic-feels hot -The reaction releases or produces heat Endothermic- feels cold -The reaction absorbs heat
Chemical Reactions
Law of Conservation of Mass Matter CANNOT be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction.
o How many Carbon atoms are on the left and right? 6 and 6 o How many Hydrogen atoms are on the left and right? 12 and 12 o How many Oxygen atoms are on the left and right? 18 and 18
Law of Conservation of Mass
Energy The capacity to do work.
Potential Energy The energy of position. The energy that is stored in the chemical bonds of compounds.
Gasoline stored at a gas station
Kinetic Energy Energy of motion
As the gasoline is burned, energy is released from the bonds and As the gasoline is burned, energy is released from the bonds and is used to power the car’s engine. is used to power the car’s engine.
Law of Conversion of Energy Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it just changes FORM.
Forms of Energy Radiant Chemical Nuclear
Forms of Energy Electrical Mechanical Thermal
Thermal Energy It can be transported 3 different ways.
Convection The transfer of heat energy in a gas or liquid (not in solids) by movement of currents. The heat moves with the fluid. Example The beach – hot air rises, cooler air from the ocean comes into replace it, and then the cool breeze cools your body.
Conduction The transfer of heat energy through matter from particle to particle. Material are actually touching! Most effective in solids, but can happen in fluids. Example Beaker on a hot plate becomes warmer because the heat from the hot plate is conducted along the beaker.
Radiation The transfer of heat energy by electromagnetic waves Only form that can occur in empty space without the aid of Solids, Liquids, or Gases Example Sunlight –travels through space via radiation.
What is the way that thermal energy is transported in the following? Your leg becomes warm when you place a heating pad on it. conduction
What is the way that thermal energy is transported in the following? The headlights on your car allow you to see at night. Radiation
What is the way that thermal energy is transported in the following? Hot soup transfers heat to the air above it. Convection
Law of Conservation of Energy Radiant : Sunlight Chemical : glucose produced in plants via photosynthesis Mechanical: Rabbit eats Plants for energy to hop