Evolution of Living Things Who is responsible? How does it happen How do we know

A: Charles Darwin 1: Was… 2: Went… 3: Observed… 4: Concluded… I: Who is responsible?

2 big ideas of evolution Evolution = Change in allele frequency over time Individuals do not evolve, species do. Species = groups of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. II: What’s the big deal?

A: 4 steps to evolution by natural selection 1.Variation 2.Overproduction of offspring 3.Struggle for existence 4.Differential survival and reproduction III: How does it Happen: natural selection

1.Peppered mothsPeppered moths 2.Newts and snakesNewts and snakes 3.Antibiotic resistant microbes 1.Background infoBackground info 2.Current status (part one)Current 4.Nylon eating bacteria 5.Amazon ant farmersAmazon ant farmers 6.Darwin’s finchesDarwin’s finches 7.Humming bird beaks 8.Eye evolutionEye evolution 9.Corpse flowerCorpse flower 10.Male peacocks tail displayMale peacocks tail display B: Specific cases of Natural selection

C: 2 ways to introduce variation 1: Mutations2: Sexual reproduction

IV: How do we know: 4 categories of evidence to support common ancestor A: Structural Evidence  Homologous structures = similar structure but different purpose  Analogous structures= different structure but similar purpose  Vestigial structures= left overs from common ancestry Homologous structures

Structural evidence continued Vestigial StructuresAnalogous Structures

Evidence continued C: Fossil Record: Whale evolutionWhale evolution D: Embryology: common pasts different pathscommon pasts different paths

Evidence Continued… Biochemical evidence  All life is based off same DNA code (A, T, C, G)  Many conserved proteins (polymerase, ATP synthase, ubiquitin)  Hox genes