What is matter? What are the states of matter? What changes occur to matter? What are mixtures and the different types? How do we separate mixtures? Matter, Mixtures and Solutions

What is matter? Matter is defined as: Anything that has mass and takes up space

States of Matter Solid Definite Shape Definite Volume Liquid Indefinite Shape Definite Volume Gas Indefinite Shape Indefinite Volume

Physical Property characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample's composition Examples: Color Mass Texture

Extensive vs. Intensive Properties Extensive Properties: dependent on the amount of substance present Example: mass Intensive Properties: independent on the amount of substance present Example: color

Physical Change a change that alters a substance without changing its composition Classic examples: Phase changes Phase change is a change from one state of matter to another

Phase Changes Solid to Liquid Liquid to Solid Liquid to Gas Gas to Liquid Solid to Gas  Melting  Freezing  Evaporation  Condensation  Sublimation

Chemical Property/Chemical Change The ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances A reaction: one or more substances changing into new substances Examples: rusting, exploding, baking

Mixture A combination of two or more pure substances Two types Heterogeneous Homogenous

Heterogeneous Mixtures one that does not blend smoothly and in which the individual substances remain distinct Examples: Chex Mix, Oil and Water, Chicken Noodle Soup, etc.

EXAMPLES

Homogeneous Mixtures also called solutions; mixtures that have a constant composition throughout and is always a single phase Examples: brewed coffee, blood, salt water (if fully dissolved), etc.

EXAMPLES

How to Separate Mixtures Filtration using a porous barrier to separate solid from liquid Two solids of different sizes can be separated using a similar technique called sifting

How to Separate Mixtures Distillation separating two substances with different boiling points Evaporation is similar to distillation Example: When you boil off water and salt is left behind Magnetism separating particles based on magnetic properties

Tomorrow/Thursday’s Lab Come up with a procedure to separate a heterogeneous mixture of the following: Sand Salt Iron Filings Poppy Seeds