Lipid Structure Fats, Oils, Waxes Provide energy for cells, cell structure, insulation – Lipids & Proteins compose the cell membrane – Cholesterol:

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Lipid Structure Fats, Oils, Waxes Provide energy for cells, cell structure, insulation – Lipids & Proteins compose the cell membrane – Cholesterol: gives cell membrane flexibility

Lipid Structure Fats, Oils, Waxes Provide energy for cells, cell structure, insulation – Lipids & Proteins compose the cell membrane – Cholesterol: gives cell membrane flexibility Structure (2 parts): – “Head” = glycerol – “Tails” = fatty acids Monomer: Fatty Acid Polymer: Lipid Glycerol molecule Fatty acids

How does glycerol… bond with these fatty acids? C CH O OH C C H H H H H H C CH O C C H H H H H H C CH O C C H H H H H H CCC HHH H H Dehydration Synthesis C CH O C C H H H H H H C CH O C C H H H H H H C CH O C C H H H H H H H2OH2O H2OH2OH2OH2O

How is this lipid broken down? Hydrolysis CCC HHH H H OOO C CH O C C H H H H H H C CH O C C H H H H H H C CH O C C H H H H H H H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O CCC HHH H H OOOHOH C CH O C C H H H H H H OH CCC HHH H H OHOHOOHOH C CH O C C H H H H H H CCC HHH H H OHOHOHOHOHOH C CH O C C H H H H H H

Saturated Fats Long chain of C-C single bonds Each C is “saturated” with H atoms C C CCCCCCH H HHHHHHH H HHHHHHH C HO O Saturated fatty acid

Saturated Fats Long chain of C-C single bonds Each C is “saturated” with H atoms Solid at room temps Charles Sporn from NYC, USA

Saturated Fats Long chain of C-C single bonds Each C is “saturated” with H atoms Solid at room temps Very common in animal fats Butter is made from cow milk Lard is pig fat

Unsaturated Fats Long chain of C bonds (some double bonds) —Causes the chain to be crooked Unsaturated: Less space for H atoms Unsaturated fatty acid C C CCC C C C H H H HHHH H H H HHHHH C HO O

Unsaturated Fats Long chain of C bonds (some double bonds) —Causes the chain to be crooked Unsaturated: Less space for H atoms Liquid at room temps

Unsaturated Fats Coconut oil Long chain of C bonds (some double bonds) —Causes the chain to be crooked Unsaturated: Less space for H atoms Liquid at room temps Plant oils Olive oil comes from olive trees

C C CCC C C C H H H HHHH H H H HHHHH C HO O Saturated vs. Unsaturated The double bond reduces the need for more H atoms to stabilize the molecule. C C CCCCCCH H HHHHHHH H HHHHHHH C HO O

Normally, blood flows freely… Artery RBC

High Cholesterol Levels Artery RBC Cholesterol build up on the wall of aertieries Reduced circulation… Blood clots… High blood pressure RBC

Atherosclerosis High240+ Borderline High DesirableLess than 200 Total Cholesterol Level

review 1)What are the two parts of a lipid called? 2)Which part is the “head”? Which part are the “tails”? 3)How do small fatty acids and glycerol molecules bond to make a lipid? 4)How do saturated and unsaturated fatty acids differ? 5)Which lipid gives cells their flexibility? 6)Why are saturated fats less healthy?