The Road to the American Revolution

Causes Enlightenment Political Ideology The French and Indian War Taxation (without representation)

The Enlightenment Copernicus GalileoNewton

Enlightenment Political Science John Locke

The Social Contract

The Enlightenment and American Colonists Puritans in Massachusetts

The Enlightenment and American Colonists Catholics in Maryland

The Enlightenment and American Colonists Second and Third Sons

The Enlightenment and American Colonists Paroled Prisoners and Debtors In Georgia

The Enlightenment and American Colonists Scots-Irish

The Enlightenment and American Colonists Quakers and Germans in Pennsylvania

A history of constitutional law and self-government 1215—The Magna Carta

A history of constitutional law and self-government 1619—The Virginia House of Burgesses

A history of constitutional law and self-government 1620—The Mayflower Compact

150 years of ‘salutary neglect’ A history of religious tolerance –Massachusetts Charter of 1691 –The Great Awakening –Quaker revival A history of literacy and free speech –Puritans established schools –Harvard, William and Mary, Yale –Poor Richard’s Almanac –John Peter Zenger and freedom of the press

Enlightenment Political Thinking 1. Fundamental God-given rights and the social contract (John Locke) 2. Colonists who came from disaffected groups (Puritans, Primogeniture, Prisoners, Poor) 3. A history of constitutional law and self- government (Magna Carta, Representative Assemblies, Mayflower Compact) 4. A history of freedom of religion, speech, and the press 5. A history of education and literacy

Causes Enlightenment Political Ideology The French and Indian War Taxation (without representation)

The French and Indian War Colonel George Washington Virginia Militia, British Army

Fort Necessity

Washington forced to surrender

British defeats indicate they can be beaten

War debt—pounds and promises William Pitt

Effects of the Treaty of Paris England gains French territory in N. America Indians lose French support against English colonists Pontiac begins attacking English settlements. While he is eventually defeated—lasting tension between indians and English colonists remains in the region

The Proclamation of 1763 No settlement allowed west of Appalachians Convinced Americans that their government was insensitive to their needs Convinced Americans that their government could not enforce its orders 10,000 British troops left in colonies for “protection”—to be paid for by the colonists

The French and Indian War Part of a world war British win in North America French disappear as a threat to colonists Raises doubts in America about England Raises doubts and debts in England

Causes Enlightenment Political Ideology The French and Indian War Taxation (without representation)

A Series of Unfortunate Events Cause Effect Cause Effect Action ReactionAction Reaction

Cause: Sugar Act of 1764 Taxed imported molasses Prohibited imported rum Required a clearance certificate for cargoes of both Stiffened penalties for bribing customs officials Gave blanket probable cause for seizure

Effect: Protests and Boycotts

Cause: Quartering Act and Stamp Act of 1765

Effect: Stamp Act Congress and the Sons of Liberty

Colonists maintain clear, consistent position-- only colonial assemblies have right to tax them because they have no representation in Parliament

Effect: Stamp Act Repealed

Cause: Declaratory and Townshend Acts (1766,1767)

Effect: Massachusetts Colonial Assembly calls colonies to “unite for the common defense”

Effect: Assembly dissolved and John Hancock’s ship seized

Effect: Tax Officials Chased Away, Troops Called In

John Adams

Cause: Declaratory and Townshend Acts (1766,1767) Townshend Acts Dissolve Assembly Call to Arms Chase away commissioners Call for troops (1768) Boston Massacre (1770)

Lord North takes over from Lord Townshend Lord NorthLord Townshend

Gaspee Incident 1772

The Boston Tea Party--1773

1st Continental Congress 1774

The Suffolk Resolves Denounced the Intolerable Acts Urged the formation of minutemen Called for suspension of trade with Britain

Lexington and Concord--1775