CHAPTER 13 – THE MIDDLE AGES CHAPTER 14 – THE FORMATION OF WESTERN EUROPE

The Formation of Western Europe 800–1500 SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3 SECTION 4 Church Reform and the Crusades Changes in Medieval Society The Hundred Years’ War and the Plague

ENGLAND AND FRANCE DEVELOP As the kingdoms of England and France begin to develop into nations, certain democratic traditions evolve.

 The Norman Conquest o In 1066, England is invaded for last time by William the Conqueror (He was the Duke of Normandy) o He defeats his rival for English crown, becomes king o William keeps one-fifth of land; hands out rest to Norman supporters  Early Invasions o Danish Vikings invade England throughout the 800s o Alfred the Great and his successors gradually unite England o Danish king Canute invades in 1016, uniting Vikings and Anglo-Saxons o King Edward the Confessor dies without an heir in 1066; a power struggle ensues

 King and Vassal o English rulers’ goal: to control lands in both England and France o Henry II — king of England — gains more French land through marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine o Henry has 2 sons: Richard and John  Juries and Common Law o Henry II sends judges to all parts of England and institutes juries o Royal Courts decisions become Common Law - They collect taxes, settle lawsuits, punish crimes - Juries consisted of 12 neighbors

 King John ( ) loses all French lands in battle o His nobles revolted when he raised taxes to fund wars o In 1215 English nobles force King John to sign Magna Carta  Magna Carta — limits king’s power and provides basic political rights o No taxation without representation o Right to jury trial o English people argue the rights are for all people, not just nobles

FRANCE

 The End of the Carolingians o By 1000 France was divided into 47 feudal territories o New French dynasty founded by Hugh Capet o The Capetians rule France from Paris from 987–1328 o They control Paris, which sits on important trade routes  Philip II Expands His Power o Philip II — most powerful Capetian, rules 1180–1223 o Philip expands territory o He establishes bailiffs to collect taxes and run courts

PHILIP TRIPLES CAPETIAN LAND CONTROL

 Philip II’s Heirs o 1285 to 1314 Philip IV rules; questions pope’s authority in France o Philip calls meeting of lords and bishops to support his policies o He decides to include commoners in the meeting  Estates-General o Philip’s French council to challenge the Pope - First Estate: Church - Second Estate: lords - Third Estate: commoners & merchants

 What provided the origin of English common law? A. Magna Carta B. Norman conquest C. Model Parliament D. Royal courts of justice  What was the name of the legislative body of medieval England? A. Inquisition B. Parliament C. Estates General D. Royal courts of justice

 What provided the origin of English common law? A. Magna Carta B. The Estates-General C. Model Parliament D. Royal courts of justice  What was the name of the legislative body of medieval England? A. Inquisition B. Parliament C. Estates General D. Congress

CRASH COURSE  Impact of the Crusades  tch?v=X0zudTQelzI&list=PLBDA 2E52FB1EF80C9&index=15 tch?v=X0zudTQelzI&list=PLBDA 2E52FB1EF80C9&index=15