Biology Today Third Edition Chapter 15 Mind and Body Copyright © 2004 by Garland Science Eli Minkoff Pam Baker

Health What is it? systems in balance (homeostasis)

Health Factors affecting health genetics lifestyle diet exposure

Health psychoneuroimmunology mindnerves immune

Immune system innate the body can protect itself from invasion skin in a barrier

Immune system innate the body responds to damage - inflammation hot, red, swollen, sore

fig. 15-1

fig. 15-3

Figure 15.2

Filarial worm gets into body blocks lymphatics fluid accumulates. Elephantiasis

Vertebrates have a second immune system specific immunity

protects us against future exposure to some diseases

antigens (foreign) molecules that can be detected by the immune system parts of bacteria, viruses, cancer cells,…

Figure 15.1

lymphocytes B-cells T-cells make antibodies various kinds

B-cells antibodies proteins bind to antigens help kill cells or signal destruction each B cell can make only one antibody

B-cells can recognize molecules distinguish self from nonself remembers exposure BT3, pg. 548

Figure 15.4b

Figure 15.4c

Figure 15.4d

Figure 15.4e

T-cells various kinds T c -cells cytotoxic T h -cells helper T s -cells supressor T m -cells memory CD4 + CD8 +

Figure 15.4a

Memory Once exposed to an antigen, the body has cells that remember

Memory announcements Blood drive (10 pts) Dec 3-6 (M-Th) 12:30 to 6:30 Jones Conference Room

t 1/2 = ?1/2 hr

* * * * t 1/2 = 1 hr ?

* * * *

Figure 15.5

When you make antibodies: active immunity exposure to disease vaccination

When you acquire antibodies: passive immunity newborn snakebite (antibodies from someone else)

Figure 15.6

Active immunity vs. Passive immunity

Abnormal immune system Autoimmunity (self immunity) multiple sclerosis (MS) IDDM …

Abnormal immune system Allergies allergens (antigens) mast cells and IgE histamine

Figure 15.7

Abnormal immune system Transplant disease match tissue (perfect match is rare) suppress immune system

Immunosuppression inhibition of immune system drugs (transplant) overnutrition protein undernourishment infant undernourishment micronutrients diseases (AIDS - T h cells)

Link between immune system and nervous system Autonomic nervous system (self-regulating) Regulates body functions Not conscious Two divisions sympathetic, parasympathetic

Figure 15.8 normal resting activity flight or fight

stress Fight/flight response first step in a series of physiological responses nervous system immune system endocrine system

fig. 15-9

nervous system immune system endocrine system linked

Evidence Shared signaling molecules (cytokines) Nerve ending in immune organs

Placebo effect Control to experimental group new pill pain killer + sugar control pill sugar only reduce pain?

Figure 15.11

The mind is connected to our immune system and our endocrine system, which can, in turn affect our health (balance).