Ecology & the Biosphere Chapter 52. Ecology Study of how organisms relate to one another & their environment.

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Presentation transcript:

Ecology & the Biosphere Chapter 52

Ecology Study of how organisms relate to one another & their environment

Fig Kangaroos/km 2 0– –1 1–5 5–10 10–20 > 20 Limits of distribution

Fig. 52-9

Ecology Organism (behavioral ecology) Population (several individuals of same species) Community (different species that live in a particular area) Ecosystem (abiotic factors & all the species that live in that area) Biosphere (all the living communities on earth-global ecosystem)

Environment Abiotic factors (nonliving): Temperature Water Sunlight Soil /rocks Climate

Environment Climate Bodies of water Variation of sunlight Seasons Precipitation Wind Mountains Long term climate change

Biomes Major terrestrial or aquatic life zones Defined by regional variation of climate

Aquatic Biomes Largest part of the biosphere Photic zone (sunlight) Aphotic zone (little light) Benthic zone (bottom) Detritus (decaying matter) Turnover (circulates oxygen)

Aquatic Biomes Lakes Wetlands Streams and rivers Estuaries Intertidal zones Oceanic pelagic zone Coral reefs Marine benthic zone

Lakes

Wetlands +/- water

Streams and rivers

Estuaries Transition between river and sea

Intertidal zones Tides 2x a day

Oceanic pelagic zone Open bodies of ocean

Coral reefs

Marine benthic zone Bottom of ocean Minimal sun

Terrestrial Biomes Tropical rain forest Savanna Desert Chaparral Temperate grasslands Temperate deciduous forest Temperate evergreen forest Tundra

Tropical rain forests Large amounts of rain per year Richest ecosystem Contains ½ of the world’s species SA,Africa, & southeast Asia

Savanna Open, few trees Seasonal rains ( cm/yr) Africa Lions, elephants

Desert Interior of continents Dry, less than 25 cm/yr rainfall

Chaparral Coastal regions Wet winters

Temperate grasslands Prairies, grasslands Herds of grazing mammals Not as abundant

Temperate Deciduous forest Deciduous: hardwoods Warm summers, cool winters NE US, Canada,

Temperate evergreen forest Cold winters Long dry seasons Western US

Tundra Grassland few trees Little rain/snow Deer, elk, moose Permafrost

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