Solar Irradiance (Swiss contributions to ILWS) 4th ILWS general meeting, Beijing, June 22-23, 2006 Werner Schmutz, PMOD/WRC, Switzerland (representing.

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Presentation transcript:

Solar Irradiance (Swiss contributions to ILWS) 4th ILWS general meeting, Beijing, June 22-23, 2006 Werner Schmutz, PMOD/WRC, Switzerland (representing Swiss Space Office)

Overview Why are solar irradiance measurements required? Future Swiss Irradiance experiments The future of Total Solar Irradiance

What is the influence of the Sun on the climate? Graphics: Dr. J. Beer EAWAG, Switzerland ?

Solar irradiance variation between maximum and minimum – spectral dependance

Rozanov et al. 2001: what UV-wavelength should be observed? Ozone mixing ratio changes (%) due to a 10% increase of the spectral solar flux in 1 wavelength bin (1 nm).

Filter Radiometers: LYRA/PROBA2 (launch 2007) PREMOS-PFR/PICARD (launch 2008) LYRA: 7-20, 20-70, 125,215 nm PREMOS: 215, 268, 535, 782 nm

C. Fröhlich et al.SOVIM/ISS 2008(?) J.-F. Hochedez et al.LYRA/PROBA W. Schmutz et al. PREMOS/PICARD Future PMOD/WRC Irradiance Measurements (phase C/D)

SOVIM on ISS (launch 2008?): Hardware, tests and calibration finished acceptance review passed (almost)

LYRA (Status: FM April 2005)

LYRA (Status: FM March 2006) BESSY synchrotron calibration at PTB

PICARD (PI G. Thuillier) PREMOS – SOVAP – SODISM Total Solar Irradiance Filter Radiometers

Summary SWAP (0.1 Hz) + LYRA (60 Hz) on PROBA2 provide the EUV equivalent in Europe of the NOAA SXI + GOES X-ray monitor SODISM + PREMOS on PICARD will continue in the near UV and visual (+TSI) 2008/

Total Solar Irradiance measurements present : VIRGO on SoHO (since 1996) ACRIM III on ACRIM-sat (since 2000) TIM on SORCE (since 2003) future: SOVIM (CH/B experiments on ISS 2008) PREMOS-TSI (CH experiment on PICARD 2008) SOVAP (B experiment on PICARD 2008) planned: RAD (CN/CH experiment on KuaFu-A 2012)

TSI comparison with observations: cycle 21 – 23 Wenzler et al. 2005, A&A 432, 1057 I TSI =  q I quite sun +  n I network +  f I faculae +  s I sun spot Minimum-I TSI = I quite sun Is this approach supported by observations?

Absolutely calibrated TSI measurements TIM/SORCE

TSI – latest update

TSI – comparisons of different composites

PMOD composite of the Total Solar Irradiance the aim is to get experimental long-term information about the TSI

Total Solar Irradiance observations between 2006 and 2012 ACRIM III ? VIRGO/SOHO ? TIM/SORCE2003 – (?) SOVIM/ISS 2008 – 2009 ? PREMOS-TSI/PICARD2008 – 2011 SOVAP/PICARD (SDO has no TSI instrument) NPOESS2012 National Polar Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System may have TSI instrument – but are planned to start not earlier than 2009 (?), more likely as late as 2012

Total Solar Irradiance observations between 2006 and 2012 ACRIM III ? VIRGO/SOHO (?) TIM/SORCE (?) SOVIM/ISS 2008 – 2009 ? PREMOS-TSI/PICARD2008 – 2011 SOVAP/PICARD (SDO has no TSI instrument) NPOESS2012 National Polar Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System may have TSI instrument – but are planned to start not earlier than 2009 (?), more likely as late as 2012 TSI on NPOESS canceled June 2006

Total Solar Irradiance observations between 2006 and 2012 ACRIM III ? VIRGO/SOHO TIM/SORCE2003 – (GLORY?) SOVIM/ISS ? PREMOS-TSI/PICARD SOVAP/PICARD (SDO has no TSI instrument) KuaFu-A2012 RAD comprising: SIM = Solar Irradiance Monitor (CN) DOR = Davos Observatory Radiometer (CH)

Summary 2 Continuation of long term TSI-measurements requires overlapping missions  There should be always at least two independent operational experiments TSI is most likely observed by two experiments until 2009/2010 The gap is probably covered by an experiment (extended PICARD and/or GLORY) There is no approved TSI mission after 2009, but:  good chance for RAD on KuaFu-A 2012 Other options for 2nd TSI experiment: DynaMICS ? (proposed by Sylvaine Turck-Chièze, F) PICARD