The Protestant Reformation Through Maps World History
R. H. Bainton The Reformation of the 16 c Thus, the papacy emerged as something between an Italian city-state and European power, without forgetting at the same time the claim to be the vice- regent of Christ. The Pope often could not make up his mind whether he was the successor of Peter or of Caesar. Such vacillation had much to do with the rise and success of the Protestant Reformation.
Caricature of Pope Alexander VI by Martin Luther, 1545
Causes of the Reformation? Church corruption Avignon Papacy Conciliarism Marsilius of Padua Defensor Pacis [Defender of the Peace] Attacked papal authority The Christian community is the sum of ALL its parts! Development of personal devotions suspicion of clergy Greed of secular leaders 1/3 of Europe church land Papal need for money indulgences Printing Press
The Spread of the Printing Press
The Holy Roman Empire in the 16 c “Why the Germanies?” The Holy Roman Empire in the 16 c “Why the Germanies?”
The Spread of Lutheranism
The Peasant Revolt
Johann Gutenberg
Johann Gutenberg’s Printing Press
Gutenberg’s Printing of the Bible
Calvin’s World in the 16 c
John Calvin’s Church in Geneva Switzerland
John Calvin’s School in Geneva Switzerland l
John Calvin’s School
Reformation Wall in Geneva Switzerland
Reformation Wall, Geneva Switzerland Four larger-than-life central figures on the Mur de la Reformation ( ). From left to right, they are: Guillaume Farel, the first to preach the Reformation in Geneva; John Calvin, leader of the Reformation movement and spiritual father of Geneva; Theodore Beza, Calvin's successor; and John Knox, a Scottish preacher, friend of Calvin, and founder of Scottish Presbyterianism.
Reformation Wall, Geneva Switzerland-John Calvin
John Calvin’s Unmarked Tomb Geneva, Switzerland
Reformation Wall
John Knox Preaches
The Lord’s Prayer (English)
Protestant Churches in France (Late 16 c )
The Anabaptists Dutch persecution of Anabaptists (Mennonites)
Reformation Europe (Late 16 c )