A volcano is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or crust, which allows hot magma, ash and gases to escape from below the surface.

What makes volcanoes erupts? A vent or opening in the surface of the Earth through which lava, hot gases, ash and rock fragments erupt OR The usually conical mountain formed by the deposition and accumulation of erupted material around the opening. A volcano begins as melted rock (magma) which rises from deep inside the earth toward the surface. As the gas-filled magma rises, it melts gaps in the surrounding rock and forms a large chamber. Pressure from the solid rock around it forces the magma up to the surface through the conduit (channel) in a weakened part of the rock. The gas and melted rock blast out an opening called the central vent.

An earthquake (also known as a tremor or temblor) is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves.

What makes an earthquake happen? Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves that make the ground shake. When two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing against each other, they stick a little. They don't just slide smoothly; the rocks catch on each other. The rocks are still pushing against each other, but not moving. After a while, the rocks break because of all the pressure that's built up. When the rocks break, the earthquake occurs. During the earthquake and afterward, the plates or blocks of rock start moving, and they continue to move until they get stuck again. The spot underground where the rock breaks is called the focus of the earthquake. The place right above the focus (on top of the ground) is called the epicenter of the earthquake.

A tsunami is a series of water waves, and when earthquake happens, then will have TSUNAMI

When the earthquake happens, the floor will moves, then water on the floor will start waves for long time, and Tsunami will happen.

How scientist are working to predict ND? Earth scientists are able to forecast hurricanes, floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, wildfires, and landslides using fractals. A fractal is a mathematical formula of a pattern that repeats over a wide range of size and time scales. These patterns are hidden within more complex systems. A good example of a fractal is the branching system of a river. Small tributaries join to form larger and larger "branches" in the system, but each small piece of the system closely resembles the branching pattern as a whole.

How society responds to such natural disasters? 1.Protect: After a hurricane, flood or other natural disaster you need to be careful to avoid electrical hazards both in your home and elsewhere. 2. Predict: Using animals or some thing to predict natural disasters like hurricanes, earthquakes, and tsunamis. 3.prepare: Regardless of how much time you have to react to a disaster, you can do things well in advance to prepare. A little advance planning could save your life.

Number of deaths each year attributed to natural disasters. Volcano

Earthquake

Tsunamis Latest death toll Tables State the number of deaths in Indonesia 114,978 Sri Lanka India Thailand 5321 Myanmar 59 Maldives 82 Malaysia 68 Philippines 3 Japan 24 Singapore 9 Bangladesh 2 East Africa 298 Austria 12 Belgium 6 Denmark 7 Finland 14 France 22 Germany 60 Italy 20 Netherlands 8 Norway 15 Poland 5 Romania 2 Russia 10 Sweden 52 Switzerland 23 Turkey 1 South Korea 12 Canada 5 Australia 13 United Kingdom 51 USA 18

Conclusion Natural disasters(ND) is really bad things that break everything in the world to everywhere, every places or country. We have to : Protect Predict Prepare Natural Disasters