The Industrial Revolution World History

Pre-Industrial Revolution Village life dominated – nearly self sufficient Village life dominated – nearly self sufficient Most villagers were farmers – simple methods were used Most villagers were farmers – simple methods were used Entire family was involved Entire family was involved Early industries – wool & coal (domestic system) Early industries – wool & coal (domestic system)

Industrial Revolution Begins In Great Britain Had capital Had capital Large scale farming Large scale farming Commerce Commerce Slave trade (?) Slave trade (?) Had natural resources Had natural resources Coal Coal Iron ore Iron ore Large network of rivers Large network of rivers Good harbors Good harbors Labor Supply Labor Supply Growing population Growing population Improved farming (crop rotation) Improved farming (crop rotation) Farm workers moved to industrial areas (enclosures) Farm workers moved to industrial areas (enclosures) Entrepreneurs Entrepreneurs

Growth of Industry Growth of factories – use water, coal, and steam to power textile machinery Growth of factories – use water, coal, and steam to power textile machinery Canals link coal fields and industrial centers Canals link coal fields and industrial centers Steam powered engines for ships and boats Steam powered engines for ships and boats Spreads to France, Germany, and Northeastern United States Spreads to France, Germany, and Northeastern United States Mass production from interchangeable parts, division of labor, and the assembly line Mass production from interchangeable parts, division of labor, and the assembly line

Effects of the Industrial Revolution World History

Positive Effects Increased world productivity Increased world productivity Synthetic materials are developed Synthetic materials are developed New inventions improved quality of life for many New inventions improved quality of life for many Growth of railroads Growth of railroads Death rates fell (people ate better and kept cleaner) Death rates fell (people ate better and kept cleaner) Birth rates fell (family planning practiced because people didn’t need large families to ensure survival) Birth rates fell (family planning practiced because people didn’t need large families to ensure survival) Population growth stabilized Population growth stabilized New entrepreneurs emerge New entrepreneurs emerge Labor eventually organizes (unions) Labor eventually organizes (unions)

Positive Effects New opportunities for women New opportunities for women Rise of the middle class – size, power, and wealth expanded Rise of the middle class – size, power, and wealth expanded Social structure becomes more flexible Social structure becomes more flexible Mechanization increased farm production Mechanization increased farm production Application of science to study of health resulted in preventative medicine Application of science to study of health resulted in preventative medicine (?) Steamship travel allowed for Europeans to reach interior of continents (?) Steamship travel allowed for Europeans to reach interior of continents

Negative Effects Handicraft workers were displaced (some fall into poverty) Handicraft workers were displaced (some fall into poverty) Child labor used in factories & mines Child labor used in factories & mines Miserable working conditions - workplaces were cramped and dirty year round Miserable working conditions - workplaces were cramped and dirty year round Monotonous work with heavy, noisy, repetitive machinery Monotonous work with heavy, noisy, repetitive machinery Dangerous working conditions – fingers, limbs & lives lost Dangerous working conditions – fingers, limbs & lives lost Long working hours – six days a week Long working hours – six days a week Rigid schedules ruled each day Rigid schedules ruled each day Gas, candle & oil lamps created soot and smoke in factories Gas, candle & oil lamps created soot and smoke in factories Diseases such as pneumonia & tuberculosis spread through factories Diseases such as pneumonia & tuberculosis spread through factories

Negative Effects Coal dust in coal mines led to breathing problems Coal dust in coal mines led to breathing problems Labor unrest leads to demonstrations (sometimes violent) Labor unrest leads to demonstrations (sometimes violent) Strikes take place Strikes take place Women were paid less than men (were actually preferred) Women were paid less than men (were actually preferred) Indentured workers Indentured workers Employers had a more impersonal relationship with employees Employers had a more impersonal relationship with employees Tenement housing was poorly constructed, crowded, and cold Tenement housing was poorly constructed, crowded, and cold Human and industrial waste contaminated water supplies – typhoid and cholera spread Human and industrial waste contaminated water supplies – typhoid and cholera spread

Negative Effects Air pollution increased over cities and industrial areas Air pollution increased over cities and industrial areas Technological changes eroded the balance of power in Europe Technological changes eroded the balance of power in Europe Contributed to the growth of imperialism and communism (Marx’s & Engels’ theories) Contributed to the growth of imperialism and communism (Marx’s & Engels’ theories) Produced weaponry that gave Western nations a military advantage over developing nations Produced weaponry that gave Western nations a military advantage over developing nations

Not Necessarily Good or Bad The location of work places changed as more goods were produced away from the home environment The location of work places changed as more goods were produced away from the home environment Educational systems emphasized more science, technology, and business Educational systems emphasized more science, technology, and business A global economy began to emerge A global economy began to emerge

Economic Effects New inventions and development of factories New inventions and development of factories Rapidly growing industry in the 1800s Rapidly growing industry in the 1800s Increased production and higher demand for raw materials growth of worldwide trade Increased production and higher demand for raw materials growth of worldwide trade Population explosion and expanding labor force Population explosion and expanding labor force Exploitation of mineral resources Exploitation of mineral resources Highly developed banking and investment system Highly developed banking and investment system Advances in transportation, agriculture, and communication Advances in transportation, agriculture, and communication

Social Effects Increase in population of cities Increase in population of cities Lack of planning Lack of planning Loss of family stability Loss of family stability Expansion of middle class Expansion of middle class Harsh conditions for laborers, including children Harsh conditions for laborers, including children Workers’ progress versus laissez-faire economic attitudes Workers’ progress versus laissez-faire economic attitudes Improved standard of living Improved standard of living Creation of new jobs Creation of new jobs Encouragement of technological progress Encouragement of technological progress

Political Effects Child labor laws to end abuses Child labor laws to end abuses Reformers urging equal distribution of wealth Reformers urging equal distribution of wealth Trade unions formed Trade unions formed Social reform movements, such as utilitarianism, utopianism, socialism, and Marxism Social reform movements, such as utilitarianism, utopianism, socialism, and Marxism Reform bills in Parliament and Congress Reform bills in Parliament and Congress