Work = The Amount of energy transferred by a force The word “Work” was first coined by French mathematician Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis in 1830 The work-Energy.

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Work = The Amount of energy transferred by a force The word “Work” was first coined by French mathematician Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis in 1830 The work-Energy theorem is: If an external force is applied to an object causing its kinetic energy to change, then work has been done. & W = F x d (Force)(Distance) Work = ∆E k (Change in kinetic energy) Engine, work & power

Horsepower: Coined by James Watt in ~1787 When a horse could turn a mill wheel 144 times an hour (2.4 times per minute) the wheel had a 12ft radius, so traveled 2.4x2xpix12ft in one minute. He figured intellectually that a horse could pull 180 pounds continuously, so: In reality a very optimistic value but it helped him sell steam engine. Power (HP)= Work / Time = (Force x Distance) / Time = (180lbs)x(2.4x2xpix12ft)/ Time = (ft.lbs)/min = (ft.lbs)/sec Engine, work & power

Point of maximum volumetric efficiency Horsepower curve RPM HP peak Engine, work & power

Area under the curve = total work done. To maximize acceleration (and efficiency) run the engine as much as possible in this range. Engine, work & power Horsepower curve RPM HP peak

Spring Computation M M K Spring K Tire

Spring Computation KBKB M KAKA Total stiffness when 2 springs are in series:

Spring Computation KBKB M KAKA Total stiffness when 2 springs are in series: K A = 1600 lbs/in K B = 1200 lbs/in K A+B = (1600 x 1200)/( ) K A+B = 686 lbs/in

Spring Computation KCKC M KAKA Total stiffness when 2 springs are in series and in parallel: KBKB

Spring Computation Total stiffness when 2 springs are in series and in parallel: KCKC M KAKA KBKB K A = 1600 lbs/in K B = 700 lbs/in K C = 1200 lbs/in K A+B+C = (( ) x 1200)/(( ) ) K A+B+C = 789 lbs/in

Spring Computation Area under the curve = total work done. Spring Force - deflection Curve Distance Force

Time Amplitude Time Spring decaying oscillations Spring Under DampedSpring Normally DampedSpring Over Damped

Spring decaying oscillations “Spring Under Damped” Work = “Spring Normally Damped” Work = “Spring Over Damped” Work =

Spring decaying oscillations If Damping , then Spring Work 

Spring decaying oscillations Spring with no dampingSpring dampedShock damping work

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